　　随着中国经济和社会的迅速发展，涉外法律工作的重要性日益突显。十八届四中全会提出加强涉外法律工作；司法部、商务部、外交部和国务院法制办联合印发了《关于发展涉外法律服务业的意见》，对大力发展涉外法律服务业做出全面部署。中国已正式进入了法律服务的全球化时代。“一带一路”国家战略成为国际合作的新平台，其实质是国家的重大涉外经济工程，离不开法律英语的保驾护航。同时，随着高校外语教学改革不断深化，法律英语已成为ESP重要的分支之一，许多高校在外语院系开设了法律英语课程或设置了法律英语方向,收到了良好的社会效果。培养能够适应法律服务国际化要求的复合型涉外法律人才是时代发展的必然需要。该书为基础篇，面向高职院校学生以及从事法律英语专业的相关机构的工作人员。通过《基础法律英语教程》的学习，既能学习以美国为代表的西方法律知识，又可以提高在法律这一特定的领域内的英语读、写、说、译的技能。

内容简介

　　《基础法律英语教程》是全国高等院校法律英语专业统编教材，LEC考试指定教材之一。该书为基础篇，面向高职院校学生以及从事法律英语专业的相关机构的工作人员。通过本教材的学习，既能学习以美国为代表的西方法律知识，又可以提高在法律这一特定的领域内的英语读、写、说、译的技能。此外，本教材还具有以下特点：
　　首先，针对法律英语的初学者，本教材的内容较之其它法律英语教材更为简单和浓缩，容易接受。教材前四章以对话这一日常的语言形式来导入，初步展示了法律英语运用的语言环境和语体，简单介绍了常见的法律关系和法律概念。随后用篇章的形式由浅入深地介绍了法律文化和美国的部门法。在阅读材料的选取中，本教材特别注意选取难度适中的材料，确保绝大多数初学者可以轻松阅读。其次，本教材使用大量的篇章对法律文化进行了介绍，包括法庭礼仪和服饰，遵循先例，律师的职业和道德，普通法和成文法传统，陪审团制度，法院系统，法律教育等，涵盖了美国法律文化的方方面面，有助于初学者对美国法律文化制度的认识形成一个完整的框架。再次，本教材的体系完备。在介绍了法律文化之后，又用十个章节介绍了美国主要的部门法，如宪法，合同法，侵权法，物权法，证据法，知识产权法，刑法，刑事程序法，民事程序法，商法；并且，为满足对外贸易发展的需要，本教材还增加了对WTO制度的介绍。本教材在每章节后面都附有相关的练习题，以帮助学习者检查课堂内容的掌握程度，查漏补缺。

作者简介

　　张法连，1969年1月生，山东聊城人，中国政法大学外国语学院教授、硕士生导师，并在多所高校兼职博导，全国法律英语学科知名教授。

Contents

UNIT 1　REPORTING A CRIME1
UNIT 2　CONSULTING A LAWYER4
UNIT 3　ARBITRATION7
UNIT 4　PLEA BARGAINING11
UNIT 5　CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL ENGLISH14
UNIT 6　DOCTRINE OF STARE DECISIS19
UNIT 7　COURT ETIQUETTE AND ATTIRE23
UNIT 8　LEGAL ETHICS27
UNIT 9　CHIEF JUSTICE IN THE UNITED STATES31
UNIT 10　LAWYERS35
UNIT 11　COMMON LAW & CIVIL LAW SYSTEM40
UNIT 12　JURY TRIAL47
UNIT 13　COURT SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES53
UNIT 14　SOURCES OF LAW IN THE UNITED STATES58
UNIT 15　SEVEN PRINCIPLES IN THE U.S. JUDICIAL SYSTEM63
UNIT 16　LEGAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE UNITED STATES68
UNIT 17　LEGAL AID IN THE UNITED STATES74
UNIT 18　LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES81
UNIT 19　WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (I)88
UNIT 20　WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (II)96
UNIT 21　CONSTITUTIONAL LAW103
UNIT 22　CONTRACTS109
UNIT 23　TORTS116
UNIT 24　PROPERTY LAW123
UNIT 25　EVIDENCE LAW130
UNIT 26　INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW136
UNIT 27　CRIMINAL LAW142
UNIT 28　CRIMINAL PROCEDURE150
UNIT 29　CIVIL PROCEDURE157
UNIT 30　BUSINESS LAW164
KEY TO THE EXERCISES170
APPENDIX A 187
APPENDIX B 194
APPENDIX C 199

精彩书摘

Intellectual Property Law

Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to creations of the intellect for which a
monopoly is assigned to designated owners by law. Some common types of intellectual
property rights (IPR) are trademarks, copyright, patents, industrial design rights, and in
some jurisdictions trade secrets: all these cover music, literature, and other artistic works;
discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.

While intellectual property law has evolved over centuries, it was not until the 19th
century that the term intellectual property began to be used, and not until the late 20th
century that it became commonplace in the majority of the world.

Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual property rights include patents, copyright, industrial design rights,
trademarks, plant variety rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets.

1. Patents

A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor, giving the
owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and
importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure
of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which
may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfill three main requirements: it has
to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.

2. Copyright

A copyright gives the creator of original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a
limited time. Copyright may apply to a wide range of creative, intellectual, or artistic
forms, or “works.” Copyright does not cover ideas and information themselves, only

136

136

the form or manner in which they are expressed.

Copyright may apply to a wide range of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms,
or “works.” Specifics vary by jurisdiction, but these can include poems, theses, plays
and other literary works, motion pictures, choreography, musical compositions, sound
recordings, paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, computer software, radio and
television broadcasts, and industrial designs. Graphic designs and industrial designs may
have separate or overlapping laws applied to them in some jurisdictions.

3. Industrial Design Rights

An industrial design right (sometimes called “design right”) protects the visual design
of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of
a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and
color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be
a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or
handicraft.

4. Trademarks

A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression
which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although
trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks. The trademark
owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark
may be located on a package, a label, a voucher, or on the product itself. For the sake of
corporate identity, trademarks are being displayed on company buildings.

5. Trade Dress

Trade dress is a legal term of art that generally refers to characteristics of the visual
appearance of a product or its packaging (or even the design of a building) that signify the
source of the product to consumers.

6. Trade Secrets

A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or
compilation of information which is not generally known or reasonably ascertainable, by

UNIT 26

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

which a business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers.

Objectives of Intellectual Property Law

The stated objective of most intellectual property law (with the exception of
trademarks) is to “Promote progress.” By exchanging limited exclusive rights for disclosure
of inventions and creative works, society and the patentee/copyright owner mutually
benefit, and an incentive is created for inventors and authors to create and disclose
their work. Some commentators
have noted that the objective of intellectual property
legislators and those who support its implementation appears to be “absolute protection.”
“If some intellectual property is desirable because it encourages innovation, they reason,
more is better. The thinking is that creators will not have sufficient incentive to invent
unless they are legally entitled to capture the full social value of their inventions.” This
absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another type of “real”
property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric. Other recent developments in intellectual
property law, such as the America Invents Act, stress international harmonization.
Recently there has also been much debate over the desirability of using intellectual
property rights to protect cultural heritage, including intangible ones, as well as over risks
of commodification
derived from this possibility. The issue still remains open in legal
scholarship.

Infringement, Misappropriation, and Enforcement

Violation of intellectual property rights, called “infringement” with respect to
patents, copyright, and trademarks, and “misappropriation” with respect to trade secrets,
may be a breach of civil law or criminal law, depending on the type of intellectual
property involved, jurisdiction, and the nature of the action.

Patent infringement typically is caused by using or selling a patented invention
without permission from the patent holder. The scope of the patented invention or the
extent of protection is defined in the claims of the granted patent. There is safe harbor in
many jurisdictions to use a pa 基础法律英语教程电子书下载 mobi epub pdf txt

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