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内容简介

　　This is the long-awaited third edition of Chomsky s outstanding collection of essays on Language and mind. The first six chapters, originally published in the 1960s, made a groundbreaking contribution to linguistic theory. This new edition complements them with an additional chapter and a new preface, bringing Chomsky s influential approach into the twenty-first century.
　　Chapters 1-6 present Chomskys early work on the nature and acquisition of language as a genetically-endowed, biological system （Universal Grammar）, the rules and principles of which we acquire as internalized knowledge （I-language）. Over the past fifty years, this framework has sparked an explosion of inquiry into a wide range of languages, and has yielded some major theoretical questions. The final chapter revisits the key issues, reviewing the "biolinguistic" approach that has guided Chomsky s work from its origins to the present day, and raising some novel and exciting challenges for the study of language and mind.

目录

Preface to the third edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: past
2 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: present
3 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: future
4 Form and meaning in natural languages
5 The formal nature of language
6 Linguistics and philosophy
7 Biolinguistics and the human capacity
Index

精彩书摘

　　One difficulty in the psychological sciences lies in the familiarity of the phenomena with which they deal. A certain intellectual effort is required to see how such phenomena can pose serious problems or call for intricate explanatory theories. One is inclined to take them for granted as necessary or somehow "natural."
　　The effects of this familiarity of phenomena have often been discussed. Wolfgang K6hler, for example, has suggested that psychologists do not open up "entirely new territories" in the manner of the natural sciences, "simply because man was acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.., because at the very beginning of their work there were no entirely unknown mental facts left which they could have discovered."1 The most elementary discoveries of classical physics have a certain shock value man has no intuition about elliptical orbits or the gravitational constant. But "mental facts" of even a much deeper sort cannot be "discovered" by the psychologist, because they are a matter of intuitive acquaintance and, once pointed out, are obvious.
　　There is also a more subtle effect. Phenomena can be so familiar that we really do not see them at all, a matter that has been much discussed by literary theorists and philosophers. For example, Viktor Shldovskij in the early 1920s developed the idea that the function of poetic art is that of "making strange" the object depicted. "People living at the seashore grow so accustomed to the murmur of the waves that they never hear it. By the same token, we scarcely ever hear the words which we utter... We look at each other, but we do not see each other any more. Our perception of the world has withered away; what has remained is mere recognition." Thus, the goal of the artist is to transfer what is depicted to the "sphere of new perception"; as an example, Shklovskij cites a story by Tolstoy in which social customs and institutions are "made strange" by the device of presenting them from the viewpoint of a narrator who happens to be a horse.

前言/序言

　　The first six chapters that follow are from the late 1960s, mostly based on talks for general university audiences, hence relatively informal. The final chapter is from 2004, based on a talk for a general audience. This recent essay reviews the "biolinguistic approach" that has guided this work from its origins half a century ago, some of the important developments of recent decades, and how the general approach looks today - to me at least.
　　The dominant approach to questions of language and mind in the 1950s was that of the behavioral sciences. As the term indicates, the object of inquiry was taken to be behavior, or, for linguistics, the products of behavior: perhaps a corpus obtained from informants by the elicitation techniques taught in field methods courses. Linguistic theory consisted of procedures of analysis, primar- ily segmentation and classification, designed to organize a body of linguistic material, guided by limited assumptions about structural properties and their arrangement. The prominent linguist Martin Joos hardly exaggerated in a 1955 exposition when he identified the "decisive direction" of contemporary struc- tural linguistics as the decision that language can be "described without any preexistent scheme of what a language must be." Prevailing approaches in the behavioral sciences generally were not very different. Of course, no one accepted the incoherent notion of a "blank slate." But it was common to sup- pose that beyond some initial delimitation of properties detected in the environ- ment （a "quality space," in the framework of the highly influential philosopher W. V. O. Quine）, general learning mechanisms of some kind should suffice to account for what organisms, including humans, know and do. Genetic endow- ment in these domains would not be expected to reach much beyond something like that.

国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库：语言与心智（第3版） 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt

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普通人的追求通常会被简化为对物质财富的占有。影片情节简单，人物单纯，背景也并不复杂。青年农民工小贵，城市贫民子弟小坚，分别串起影片叙事主线，一辆单车，两个人物，同一个故事。

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要读,希望有更深刻的了解

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都是需要的专业书，趁打折买下

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不错, 语言学家的书就是严谨.

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买过的最郁闷的一本书，是英文的不说清楚啊。应该大字标明。

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这本语言与心智一书，值得一看

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故事中被淡化的家庭背景，其实是要引导观众深入思考的门径。正如影片名称十七岁的单车一样，十七岁可以是一个人的少年阶段，也可以是一个时代的代称。老旧的城区、静默的居民，互相追逐的人群，加上略显诙谐的背景音乐，影片到这不得不让人想究知致使这一切发生的原因。重看一遍，还不至于，静静思考，却不得要领。

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第一次网购是在大学时候，自己还是一个小青年，一晃已经快而立了。那年的一天看新闻，第一次听说了京东，在电视画面中看到了他们的老板，那个胖子。很好奇，于是点开了他们的网页，开始了我的网购之路。这些年也囤积了很多书，都还没来得及看，也许这好像生命一样，不知道自己究竟要做什么，却难以停下种种盲目。买的书都经过了筛选，特别是京东搞活动的时候这类筛选变得尤为刺激，仿佛一本本精华将要被我吸收，自己即将变成宇宙强人一般，不停地看不停地选着……

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