西方语言学与应用语言学视野:语言接触导论 [Language Contact:An Introduction] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载
内容简介
《西方语言学与应用语言学视野:语言接触导论》作者在调查语言接触的社会、政治和语言后果之后,集中研究语言本身在语言接触之后会发生什么:有时什么都不会发生,有时新的词汇会加入这种语言,有时新的发音或者句子结构会在一个很大的地理范围内蔓延,同时一些语言还会消失或者死亡。作者还介绍了多语现象、皮钦语与克里奥尔语、语言干扰的机制,以及接触引发的语言演变的起源与结果。
《西方语言学与应用语言学视野:语言接触导论》对于初学语言接触领域的学生,是一本非常理想的介绍性著作;对研究生和专业研究者来说,则是一本有用的参考资料。
作者简介
Sarah G .Thomason现为美国密歇根大学的语言学教授,出版了一系列在语言接触和语言演变方面的著作,是语言接触研究领域的领军人物之一。
内页插图
目录
《西方语言学视野》总序
《关于语言接触引发的语言演变》
英文目录
前言
1.简介
什么是语言接触?
语言接触环境中人们的表现如何?
语言接触有多久历史?
语言接触发生在何处?
语言在接触时发生了什么?
参考书目与延伸阅读
2.接触之初与稳定性
语言是如何发生接触的?
稳定的与不稳定的接触环境
参考书目与延伸阅读
3.国家和个体中的多语现象
多语制国家和多语制个体
对多语言制的态度
一个国家,多种语言
语言政策和语言规划
案例研究:印度
多语制的社会和政治后果
学习和使用两种或多种语言
参考书目与延伸阅读
4.接触引发的语言演变:结果
有没有不能借用的语言特征?
接触引发语言演变的社会预测因素:接触的强度
接触引发语言演变的社会预测因素:存在不完善学习与否
当不完善学习在干扰过程中不起作用的时候
当不完善学习在干扰过程中起作用的时候
接触引发语言演变的语言学预测因素
说话人的态度:为什么接触引发的语言变化是不可预测的
对受语结构的影响
如何判断接触引发的语言变化已经发生?
参考书目与延伸阅读
5.接触语言区域
定义
世界上的一些接触语言区域
巴尔干地区
波罗的海地区
埃塞俄比亚高地
南亚
新几内亚的塞皮克河盆地
北美的太平洋西北岸地区
接触语言区域的复杂历史
参考书目与延伸阅读
6.接触引发的语言变化:机制
机制1:语码转换
机制2:语码交替
机制3:被动熟悉
机制4:“协商
机制5:第二语言习得策略
机制6:双语人的第一语言习得
机制7:蓄意决定
关于干扰机制的两个最终观点
参考书目与延伸阅读
……
7.接触语言I:皮钦语与克里奥尔语
8.接触语言II:其他混合语言
9.语言消亡
10.濒危语言
附录1世界语言接触情形图
附录2世界各国的官方语言
术语表
参考文献
语言索引
人名索引
主题索引
精彩书摘
The idear that these stubbornly persistent ethnic groups have lost their full ethnic-heritage language is not in itself controversial. That the loss was gradualis also certainly true in the social sense. Orallustories collected from the Bantu-speaking neighbors of the Ma'a attest to a long history of avoidance by the Ma'a of cultural assimilation both to the surrounding Bantu-speaking cultures and to (for instance) Western culture, and the history of the Rom people in Europe also attests to gradual assimilation to the host countries' cultures over hundreds of years. The degree ofcultural assimilation varies among Rom communities, in some European countries, for instance, real Romani is still spoken, albeit with moderate to very extensive interference from the dominant group's language. And, as we saw above, real Romani was still spoken in England in the nineteenth century, alongside Anglo-Romani. We have no old documentation for Kormakiti Arabic, but it is at least plausible that the situation as described in the 1960s reflected a thousand-year process of gradual cultural and linguistic assinulation.
The question is whether the process through which these mixed languages arose was also gradual, a matter of borrowing first nonbasic vocabulary, then structure and some basic vocabulary, then more vocabulary and structure, until at last the inherited ethnic-heritage linguistic material was
partially or totally swamped, except for some of the vocabulary. If this is what happened, then it is reasonable to talk about the introduction of more and more interference features from the dominant group's language, with an eventual extreme degree of accumulation. The hypothesis is that a pressured group, resisting strong pressure to assimilate completely to the donunant culture, including giving up its language, nevertheless ended up preserving nothing (in the most extreme cases) but some ofits originallexicon, including most of the basic vocabulary. The quotation about Laha at the beginning of this chapter gives a capsule account of the hypothesized process - and also of the speakers' determination to maintain something of their traditional language in the face of enormous pressure to give it up. It is easy enough to understand why the only linguistic remnant of the group's original language would be part of the lexicon: the lexicon is by far the most salient subsystem of a language. If you keep your words, you can imagjne that you have kept your language; if you replace all your words and keep your grammar intact, you cannot imagine that you have kept your language.
……
前言/序言
西方语言学与应用语言学视野:语言接触导论 [Language Contact:An Introduction] 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt
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这是了解语言接触研究的好书。语言接触是一个语言学研究的现象,发生在不同的语言系统相互互动或影响之时。此种研究又称接触语言学。当不同语言的说话者密切的接触时,这种接触会影响至少一种语言,并带来语音、句法、语意或等等社会语言学形式的变化。
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《西方语言学与应用语言学视野:语言接触导论》对于初学语言接触领域的学生,是一本非常理想的介绍性著作;对研究生和专业研究者来说,则是一本有用的参考资料。
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西方语言学与应用语言学视野:语言接触导论 [Language Contact:An Introduction] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载