西方語言學與應用語言學視野:語言接觸導論 [Language Contact:An Introduction] pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載
內容簡介
《西方語言學與應用語言學視野:語言接觸導論》作者在調查語言接觸的社會、政治和語言後果之後,集中研究語言本身在語言接觸之後會發生什麼:有時什麼都不會發生,有時新的詞匯會加入這種語言,有時新的發音或者句子結構會在一個很大的地理範圍內蔓延,同時一些語言還會消失或者死亡。作者還介紹瞭多語現象、皮欽語與剋裏奧爾語、語言乾擾的機製,以及接觸引發的語言演變的起源與結果。
《西方語言學與應用語言學視野:語言接觸導論》對於初學語言接觸領域的學生,是一本非常理想的介紹性著作;對研究生和專業研究者來說,則是一本有用的參考資料。
作者簡介
Sarah G .Thomason現為美國密歇根大學的語言學教授,齣版瞭一係列在語言接觸和語言演變方麵的著作,是語言接觸研究領域的領軍人物之一。
內頁插圖
目錄
《西方語言學視野》總序
《關於語言接觸引發的語言演變》
英文目錄
前言
1.簡介
什麼是語言接觸?
語言接觸環境中人們的錶現如何?
語言接觸有多久曆史?
語言接觸發生在何處?
語言在接觸時發生瞭什麼?
參考書目與延伸閱讀
2.接觸之初與穩定性
語言是如何發生接觸的?
穩定的與不穩定的接觸環境
參考書目與延伸閱讀
3.國傢和個體中的多語現象
多語製國傢和多語製個體
對多語言製的態度
一個國傢,多種語言
語言政策和語言規劃
案例研究:印度
多語製的社會和政治後果
學習和使用兩種或多種語言
參考書目與延伸閱讀
4.接觸引發的語言演變:結果
有沒有不能藉用的語言特徵?
接觸引發語言演變的社會預測因素:接觸的強度
接觸引發語言演變的社會預測因素:存在不完善學習與否
當不完善學習在乾擾過程中不起作用的時候
當不完善學習在乾擾過程中起作用的時候
接觸引發語言演變的語言學預測因素
說話人的態度:為什麼接觸引發的語言變化是不可預測的
對受語結構的影響
如何判斷接觸引發的語言變化已經發生?
參考書目與延伸閱讀
5.接觸語言區域
定義
世界上的一些接觸語言區域
巴爾乾地區
波羅的海地區
埃塞俄比亞高地
南亞
新幾內亞的塞皮剋河盆地
北美的太平洋西北岸地區
接觸語言區域的復雜曆史
參考書目與延伸閱讀
6.接觸引發的語言變化:機製
機製1:語碼轉換
機製2:語碼交替
機製3:被動熟悉
機製4:“協商
機製5:第二語言習得策略
機製6:雙語人的第一語言習得
機製7:蓄意決定
關於乾擾機製的兩個最終觀點
參考書目與延伸閱讀
……
7.接觸語言I:皮欽語與剋裏奧爾語
8.接觸語言II:其他混閤語言
9.語言消亡
10.瀕危語言
附錄1世界語言接觸情形圖
附錄2世界各國的官方語言
術語錶
參考文獻
語言索引
人名索引
主題索引
精彩書摘
The idear that these stubbornly persistent ethnic groups have lost their full ethnic-heritage language is not in itself controversial. That the loss was gradualis also certainly true in the social sense. Orallustories collected from the Bantu-speaking neighbors of the Ma'a attest to a long history of avoidance by the Ma'a of cultural assimilation both to the surrounding Bantu-speaking cultures and to (for instance) Western culture, and the history of the Rom people in Europe also attests to gradual assimilation to the host countries' cultures over hundreds of years. The degree ofcultural assimilation varies among Rom communities, in some European countries, for instance, real Romani is still spoken, albeit with moderate to very extensive interference from the dominant group's language. And, as we saw above, real Romani was still spoken in England in the nineteenth century, alongside Anglo-Romani. We have no old documentation for Kormakiti Arabic, but it is at least plausible that the situation as described in the 1960s reflected a thousand-year process of gradual cultural and linguistic assinulation.
The question is whether the process through which these mixed languages arose was also gradual, a matter of borrowing first nonbasic vocabulary, then structure and some basic vocabulary, then more vocabulary and structure, until at last the inherited ethnic-heritage linguistic material was
partially or totally swamped, except for some of the vocabulary. If this is what happened, then it is reasonable to talk about the introduction of more and more interference features from the dominant group's language, with an eventual extreme degree of accumulation. The hypothesis is that a pressured group, resisting strong pressure to assimilate completely to the donunant culture, including giving up its language, nevertheless ended up preserving nothing (in the most extreme cases) but some ofits originallexicon, including most of the basic vocabulary. The quotation about Laha at the beginning of this chapter gives a capsule account of the hypothesized process - and also of the speakers' determination to maintain something of their traditional language in the face of enormous pressure to give it up. It is easy enough to understand why the only linguistic remnant of the group's original language would be part of the lexicon: the lexicon is by far the most salient subsystem of a language. If you keep your words, you can imagjne that you have kept your language; if you replace all your words and keep your grammar intact, you cannot imagine that you have kept your language.
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前言/序言
西方語言學與應用語言學視野:語言接觸導論 [Language Contact:An Introduction] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書
西方語言學與應用語言學視野:語言接觸導論 [Language Contact:An Introduction] pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載