内容简介
The first one is purely algebraic. Its objective is the classification ofquadratic forms over the field of rational numbers (Hasse-Minkowskitheorem). It is achieved in Chapter IV. The first three chapters contain somepreliminaries: quadratic reciprocity law, p-adic fields, Hilbert symbols.Chapter V applies the preceding results to integral quadratic forms indiscriminant + 1. These forms occur in various questions: modular functions,differential topology, finite groups. The second part (Chapters VI and VII) uses "analytic" methods (holomor-phic functions). Chapter VI gives the proof of the "theorem on arithmeticprogressions" due to Dirichlet; this theorem is used at a critical point in thefirst part (Chapter 111, no. 2.2). Chapter VII deals with modular forms,and in particular, with theta functions. Some of the quadratic forms ofChapter V reappear here.
内页插图
目录
Preface
Part I-Algebraic Methods
ChapterI Finite fields
1-Generalities
2-Equations over a finite field
3-Quadratic reciprocity law
Appendix-Another proof of the quadratic reciprocity law
Chapter II p-adic fields
1-The ring Zp and the field
2-p-adic equations
3-The multiplicative group of
Chapter II nHilbert symbol
1-Local properties
2-Global properties
Chapter IV Quadratic forms over Qp and over Q
1-Quadratic forms
2-Quadratic forms over Q
3-Quadratic forms over Q
Appendix Sums of three squares
Chapter V Integral quadratic forms with discriminant
1-Preliminaries
2-Statement of results
3-Proofs
Part II-Analytic Methods
Chapter VI-The theorem on arithmetic progressions
1-Characters of finite abelian groups
2-Dirichlet series
3-Zeta function and L functions
4-Density and Dirichlet theorem
Chapter Vll-Modular forms
1-The modular group
2-Modular functions
3-The space of modular forms
4-Expansions at infinity
5-Hecke operators
6-Theta functions
Bibliography
Index of Definitions
Index of Notations
前言/序言
This book is divided into two parts.
The first one is purely algebraic. Its objective is the classification ofquadratic forms over the field of rational numbers (Hasse-Minkowskitheorem). It is achieved in Chapter IV. The first three chapters contain somepreliminaries: quadratic reciprocity law, p-adic fields, Hilbert symbols.Chapter V applies the preceding results to integral quadratic forms indiscriminant + 1. These forms occur in various questions: modular functions,differential topology, finite groups. The second part (Chapters VI and VII) uses "analytic" methods (holomor-phic functions). Chapter VI gives the proof of the "theorem on arithmeticprogressions" due to Dirichlet; this theorem is used at a critical point in thefirst part (Chapter 111, no. 2.2). Chapter VII deals with modular forms,and in particular, with theta functions. Some of the quadratic forms ofChapter V reappear here.
The two parts correspond to lectures given in 1962 and 1964 to secondyear students at the Ecole Normale Superieure. A redaction of these lecturesin the form of duplicated notes, was made by J.-J. Saosuc (Chapters l-IV)and J.-P. Ramis and G. Ruget (Chapters VI-VIi). They were very useful tome; I extend here my gratitude to their authors.
算术教程(英文版) [A Course in Arithmetic] 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt
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算术规律
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算术算术是数学中最古老、最基础和最初等的部分。它研究数的性质及其运算。把数和数的性质、数和数之间的四则运算在应用过程中的经验累积起来,并加以整理,就形成了最古老的一门数学——算术。在古代全部数学就叫做算术,现代的代数学、数论等最初就是由算术发展起来的。后来,算学、数学的概念出现了,它代替了算术的含义,包括了全部数学,算术就变成了一个分支了。算术(arithmetic) 数学的一个基础分支。它以自然数和非负分数为主要对象。算术的内容包括两部分,一部分讨论自然数的读法、写法和它的基本运算,这一部分包括进位制和记数法,主要是十进位制,其他的 进位制与十进位制仅是采用的基数不同,都可以仿照十进位数的原理和原则进行计算,算术的另一部分包括算术运算的方法与原理的应用。如分数与百分数计算,各种量及其计算,比和比例,以及算术应用题。
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这一命题仅仅是这一般规律的一个特殊例子。因此当我们希望表示整数之间的某个关系——不论涉及的一些特定的整数值如何——是正确的,我们可以用字母a,b,c,…作为表示整数的符号。于是,我们所熟知的五个算术规律可叙述为:
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前两个是加法和乘法的交换律,它说明人们可以交换加法或乘法中元素的次序。第三个是加法的结合律,它表明三个数相加时,或者我们把第一个加上第二个与第三个的和;或者我们把第三个加上第一个与第二个的和,其结果都相同。第四个是乘法的结合律。最后一个是分配律,它表明用一个整数去乘一个和时,我们可以用这整数去乘这和的每一项,然后把这些乘积加起来。
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书很薄但内容多少都讲到了,很不错
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自然数或正整数的数学理论就是众所周知的算术.至于几何、 代数等许多数学分支学科的名称,都是后来很晚的时候才有的。
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前两个是加法和乘法的交换律,它说明人们可以交换加法或乘法中元素的次序。第三个是加法的结合律,它表明三个数相加时,或者我们把第一个加上第二个与第三个的和;或者我们把第三个加上第一个与第二个的和,其结果都相同。第四个是乘法的结合律。最后一个是分配律,它表明用一个整数去乘一个和时,我们可以用这整数去乘这和的每一项,然后把这些乘积加起来。
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有些难度的一本书,值得数学系数论代数专业的学生读一下。
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读者对象:数学专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的学者本书主要讲述具有一般系数体系拓扑空间的上同调理论。层论包括对代数拓扑很重要的领域。书中有好多创新点,引进不少新概念,全书内容贯穿一致。证实了广义同调空间中层理论上同调满足同调基本特性的事实。将相对上同调引入层理论中。