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世界三大短篇小说巨匠之一
幽默讽刺艺术大师作品精粹
反映小人物平凡生活的镜子 内容简介
《契诃夫中短篇小说选》短篇小说之王契诃夫一生创作了七八百篇短篇小说,作品大多取材子底层人民的平凡生活。收入本书的14个中短篇都是契诃夫的代表作,有的反映了小人物的悲惨生活,如《苦闷》、《万卡》;有的揭示了小人物为求生计而苦苦挣扎的无奈,以及战战兢兢、卑躬屈膝的心态和面貌。如《小官吏之死》、《胖子和瘦子》、《牡蛎》;有的鞭笞了见风使舵的奴颜媚骨,如《变色龙》;有的刻画了专制制度卫道士的嘴脸,如《普里什别叶夫中士》;有的揭露了专制制度对社会的压制及其保守和虚弱,如《套中人》;有的针砭了追求虚荣、庸俗无聊、鼠目寸光的人生哲学,如《跳来跳去的女人》、《挂在脖子上的安娜》、《醋栗》;有的揭示了专制制度下阴森可怕的俄国社会现状,如《六号病房》;有的表现了对美好生活的追求和憧憬,从而唤起人们对浑浑噩噩、半死不活的生活的厌恶,如《话说爱情》、 《没出嫁的新娘》。 作者简介
安东·契诃夫(1860-1904),19世纪末期俄罗斯批判现实主义作家、短篇小说艺术大师。1879年进入莫斯科大学医学系。1884年毕业后在兹威尼哥罗德等地行医,广泛接触平民、了解生活,这对他的文学创作产生了深远影响。他和法国的莫泊桑、美国的欧?亨利并列为三大短篇小说巨匠。代表作有短篇小说《变色龙》、《万卡》、《套中人》等。译者:青闰(1965~),河南武陟人。本名宋金柱,常用笔名听泉、宣碧。现供职于焦作大学翻译中心。擅长双语互译。迄今已在外文出版社、译林出版社、上海交通大学出版社、东华大学出版社、大连理工大学出版社、中国宇航出版社等出版双语著作多部。另在《世界文学》《译林》《当代外国文学》《英语世界》等重要报刊发表译文和论文多篇。他翻译的原则是:“以雅俗共赏为基点,注重选材的广度、深度和科学性,整体把握字词句段篇,力求做到形声色味神的完美统一。” 精彩书评
这是一个独特的巨大天才,是那些在文学史上和在社会情绪中构成时代的作家中的一个。
——高尔基
契诃夫是一个“无与伦比的艺术家”,我撇开一切虚伪的客套肯定地说,从技巧上讲,他,契诃夫,远比我更为高明!
——列夫·托尔斯泰
目录
A Chameleon/变色龙 1
Vanka/万卡 6
Misery/苦恼 12
Fat and Thin/胖子和瘦子 21
The Trousseau/嫁妆 24
The Death of a Clerk/小职员之死 32
The Lottery Ticket/彩票 36
A Wicked Boy/小坏蛋 43
The Orator/演说家 47
Oysters/牡蛎 52
The Beggar/乞丐 58
A Joke/玩笑 66
A Malefactor/预谋犯 72
Small Fry/小人物 78
The Chorus Girl/歌女 83
The Man in a Case/套中人 91
The Darling/宝贝儿 110
Anna on the Neck/脖子上的安娜 127
The Bet/打赌 145
The Beauties/美女 155
The Lady with the Dog/带小狗的女人 167
Lights/灯火 191
A Happy Ending/美妙的结局 243
Gooseberries/醋栗 250
The Swedish Match/瑞典火柴 265
At a Summer Villa/在夏日别墅里 295
Betrothed/未婚妻 303 精彩书摘
The police superintendent Otchumyelov is walking across the market square wearing a new overcoat and carrying a parcel under his arm. A red-haired policeman strides after him with a sieve full of confiscated gooseberries in his hands. There is silence all around. Not a soul in the square...The open doors of the shops and taverns look out upon God’s world disconsolately, like hungry mouths; there is not even a beggar near them.
“So you bite, you damned brute?” Otchumyelov hears suddenly. “Lads, don’t let her go! Biting is prohibited nowadays! Hold her! Ah…ah!”
There is the sound of a dog yelping. Otchumyelov looks in the direction of the sound and sees a dog, hopping on three legs and looking about her, run out of Pitchugin’s timber-yard. A man in a starched cotton shirt, with his waistcoat unbuttoned, is chasing her. He runs after her, and throwing his body forward falls down and seizes the dog by her hind legs. Once more there is a yelping and a shout of “Don’t let go!” Sleepy countenances are protruded from the shops, and soon a crowd, which seems to have sprung out of the earth, is gathered round the timber-yard.
“It looks like a row, your honour...” says the policeman.
Otchumyelov makes a half turn to the left and strides towards the crowd. He sees the aforementioned man in the unbuttoned waistcoat standing close by the gate of the timber-yard, holding his right hand in the air and displaying a bleeding finger to the crowd. On his half-drunken face there is plainly written: “I’ll pay you out, you rogue!” and indeed the very finger has the look of a flag of victory. In this man Otchumyelov recognises Hryukin, the goldsmith. The culprit who has caused the sensation, a white borzoi puppy with a sharp muzzle and a yellow patch on her back, is sitting on the ground with her fore-paws outstretched in the middle of the crowd, trembling all over. There is an expression of misery and terror in her tearful eyes.
“What’s it all about?” Otchumyelov inquires, pushing his way through the crowd. “What are you here for? Why are you waving your finger...? Who was it shouted?”
“I was walking along here, not interfering with anyone, your honour,” Hryukin begins, coughing into his fist. “I was talking about firewood to Mitry Mitritch, when this low brute for no rhyme or reason bit my finger...You must excuse me, I am a working man...Mine is fine work. I must have damages, for I shan’t be able to use this finger for a week, may be...It’s not even the law, your honour, that one should put up with it from a beast...If everyone is going to be bitten, life won’t be worth living...”
“H’m. Very good,” says Otchumyelov sternly, coughing and raising his eyebrows. “Very good. Whose dog is it? I won’t let this pass! I’ll teach them to let their dogs run all over the place! It’s time these gentry were looked after, if they won’t obey the regulations! When he’s fined, the blackguard, I’ll teach him what it means to keep dogs and such stray cattle! I’ll give him a lesson! ...Yeldyrin,” cries the superintendent, addressing the policeman, “find out whose dog this is and draw up a report! And the dog must be strangled. Without delay! It’s sure to be mad... Whose dog is it, I ask?”
“I fancy it’s General Zhigalov’s,” says someone in the crowd.
“General Zhigalov’s, h’m...Help me off with my coat, Yeldyrin...it’s frightfully hot! It must be a sign of rain...There’s one thing I can’t make out, how it came to bite you?” Otchumyelov turns to Hryukin. “Surely it couldn’t reach your finger. It’s a little dog, and you are a great hulking fellow! You must have scratched your finger with a nail, and then the idea struck you to get damages for it. We all know...your sort! I know you devils!”
“He put a cigarette in her face, your honour, for a joke, and she had the sense to snap at him... He is a nonsensical fellow, your honour!”
“That’s a lie, Squinteye! You didn’t see, so why tell lies about it? His honour is a wise gentleman, and will see who is telling lies and who is telling the truth, as in God’s sight...And if I am lying let the court decide. It’s written in the law...We are all equal nowadays. My own brother is in the gendarmes...let me tell you...”
“Don’t argue!”
……
《百年孤独》 作者:加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯 译者:格里尔·罗宾逊(英文原版)、吴健民(中文译本) 出版社:阿根廷南方出版社(西班牙语原版)、上海译文出版社(中文版) 出版年份:西班牙语原版 1967 年;中文版首次引进 1985 年 --- 内容梗概与主题深度剖析 《百年孤独》被誉为“魔幻现实主义”文学的巅峰之作,是二十世纪文学史上最伟大的小说之一。这部宏大叙事史诗追溯了布恩迪亚家族七代人近一百年的兴衰历程,以及他们所共同创建和居住的虚构小镇——马孔多的诞生、繁荣、衰落乃至最终的毁灭。 小说以其天马行空的想象力、错综复杂的人物关系和深邃的历史寓言性,构建了一个既充满奇幻色彩又深刻反映拉丁美洲历史与人性困境的文学世界。 一、布恩迪亚家族的孤独宿命 故事围绕着家族的奠基人何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥·布恩迪亚和乌尔苏拉·伊瓜兰展开。他们因近亲结婚的禁忌而饱受折磨,并迁徙至一片被世人遗忘的沼泽地,建立了与世隔绝的马孔多。 家族的每一代成员似乎都携带着某种遗传性的、无法摆脱的“孤独”的烙印。这种孤独并非简单的寂寞,而是一种根植于血脉深处的精神困境:无法真正理解他人,无法建立持久的亲密关系,只能在自身的幻想、欲望或痴迷中度过一生。 何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥(创始人):沉迷于炼金术和科学的探索,试图理解世界的奥秘,最终在孤独中走向疯狂。 奥雷里亚诺上校:参与了多达三十二场内战,但他所为之奋斗的理想最终化为泡影,留下的只有无尽的战争、荣誉的空虚和对制作小金鱼的执念——一种徒劳的重复。 阿玛兰妲:一生拒绝爱情,以刺绣和等待来自我囚禁,最终选择在孤独中自缚而亡。 这种家族性的循环往复,体现了马尔克斯对时间本质的哲学思考:在马孔多,时间并非直线前进,而是一个不断重演的圆环,历史的教训从未被真正吸取。 二、魔幻现实主义的极致展现 《百年孤独》的核心魅力在于其对“魔幻现实主义”手法的纯熟运用。马尔克斯将极其荒诞、超自然的事件,置于日常、写实的叙事背景中,使得读者在惊叹之余,又仿佛深信不疑。 例如: 1. 飞升的雷梅黛丝:家族中最美丽的女性,她纯洁得近乎非人,最终被一床床单卷起,如同升天般消失在阳光下,这一场景既是超自然的奇迹,也象征着至纯之美在世俗世界中的不存留。 2. 不死的何塞·阿尔卡蒂奥·布恩迪亚:死后灵魂不散,继续在院子里游荡,以其无声的存在,提醒着家族对过去的纠缠。 3. 持续四年的雨季:马孔多遭遇了几乎毁灭性的暴雨,象征着历史的创伤、社会的不公以及家族命运的沉重枷锁。 这些魔幻元素并非单纯的装饰,它们是作者用来隐喻历史创伤、政治压迫、以及人类潜意识欲望的独特工具。 三、马孔多的兴衰史:拉丁美洲的寓言 马孔多从一片蛮荒之地,通过吉普赛人带来的磁铁、冰块等“科学奇迹”,逐渐与外部世界连接,经历了香蕉种植园的“黄金时代”。然而,这个“黄金时代”迅速被贪婪的外国资本(象征着外部势力的干预和剥削)和随之而来的“香蕉大屠杀”所玷污和终结。 “香蕉大屠杀”是小说中最具政治冲击力的部分。官方记录声称“什么都没有发生”,只有一千多名罢工工人被军队射杀,尸体被夜幕掩盖,被火车运走。这无声的暴力和随后的历史性遗忘,是对拉丁美洲历史上诸多被掩盖的政治屠杀和集体失忆的强烈控诉。大屠杀后,马孔多的衰败彻底开始,它从一个充满希望的乌托邦,沦为一个被遗忘的废墟。 四、时间、记忆与预言的交织 贯穿全书的另一重要线索是预言。布恩迪亚家族世世代代都在破解吉普赛人梅尔基亚德斯留下的羊皮卷。这些羊皮卷记载了家族从始至终的全部历史,而只有最后一位家族成员——奥雷里亚诺(带着猪尾巴出生)——在阅读这些预言的同时,马孔多也迎来了飓风的彻底毁灭。 这种结构精妙地揭示了:真相的揭示即是终结的开始。家族的宿命是无法逃脱的,因为他们的历史从一开始就被书写和预定。孤独、乱伦、暴力和遗忘,构成了这个循环的铁律。 艺术成就与影响 《百年孤独》以其宏大的结构、复杂的叙事技巧(如多重叙事者、自由间接引语的穿插),以及极其丰富的想象力,彻底革新了当代小说创作的面貌。它不仅赢得了无数文学大奖,包括 1982 年的诺贝尔文学奖,更对世界文学产生了深远影响,让“魔幻现实主义”成为理解和表达特定文化经验(尤其是拉丁美洲经验)的重要途径。这部小说是对人类经验的深刻探索:关于爱与欲望的徒劳,关于历史记忆的脆弱,以及人类面对宿命时,那份永恒而无解的孤独。 --- (注:本书内容完全专注于《百年孤独》及其主题分析,未涉及契诃夫或其他任何作品。)