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　　本丛书精选自剑桥大学出版社为语言教师设计的多套论著和教程，均为当代语言教育领域的力作。由当今国际语言教育界的人士编著并由国内英语教育界专家学者撰写前言或导读。本丛书的20个选题是目前英语教师需要了解的课题。本丛书可作为英语教师继续教育和师范院校英语系的教材，并可供在职大中学教师和语言教育研究者使用。

精彩书评

　　外研社和人教社联合推出这套“剑桥英语教师丛书”，以配合全国中小学英语教师的培训工程。本套丛书的使用者注意两点：一， 这套书不仅仅传播技巧，更重要的是提供思想和方法；不是提供对问题的现成答案，而是告诉你各种理论观点和看法。第二，本套丛书的读者应该努力初步掌握外语教学中的科研方法，学会设计小型的科研项目，学会进行课堂观察，设计问卷，经常写教学日志，会抽样，会收集各种数据，会统计和分析数据等。
　　……

目录

总序
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Series editors preface
Authorsacknowledgments
导读
1.Introduction to evaluation
I GETTING STARTED
2.The context of second language evaluation
3.A framework for evaluation
4.Collecting information
II EVALUATING WITHOUT TESTS
5.Observation in the classroom
6.Portfolios and conferences
7.Journals，questionnaires，and interviews
III EVALUATING WITH TESTS
8.Testing
9.Objectives-referenced testing
10.Choosing and devising test tasks
11.Assembling and scoring tests
12.Interpreting test scores
13.Standardizde tests
14.Summary and integration
Index

精彩书摘

On the basis of their observations, teachers assess what students have and have not learned; they infer the learning strategies students may be using that are facilitating or:impeding learning; they assess the effective-ness of particuiar teaching strategies; they determine which instructional activities and materials the students enjoy; and so on. Information derived from such observations is fundamental to the day-to-day functioning ofthe classroom because it provides a basis for understanding what is happening and for making decisions about what should follow. For example, based on a number of observations, a teacher may judge that a particular student has not learned what was being taught in class that week, whereas the other students have. Alternatively, the teacher may judge that quite a few stu- dents have not leamed the target structure. The observation that only one student has failed to learn a target structure will lead to very different decisions by the teacher than the observation that most ofthe students have not learned it.
Teachers also seek to understand how their students are learning and, in particular, to explain those instances when learning does not occur as planned. Their explanations of these situations can be used to plan instruc-tion that will promote learning. In seeking to explain failure to learn, teachers use observation to make inferences about instructional or learning processes or strategies. Observation of student behavior when a particular unit is taught might lead the teacher to infer that t:he students were using strategies that might be effectiVe in their first language but lead to mistakes in the second language. For example, the students may use discourse pat-terns from their first language that are inappropriate in.the second lan-guage. Or the teacher may infer that the students did not find the mate-rials and activities interesting and, therefore, they were not motivated to learn. Teachers' observations of themselves may lead them to infer that they are using instructional strategies that are not working: perhaps they had not been very clear when explaining an assignment or they did not model a new grammatical pattem sufficiently before having the students try using it.
Inferences concerning learning and teaching processes are much more difficult to make than inferences concerning learning outcomes, yet they are equally important for effective teaching. Inferences about language learning outcomes can be made on the basis of observations of concrete instances of the students' actual language use. For example, does the stu-dent use the past tense correctly and appropriately when speaking and/or writing? In comparison, infer.ences about processes related to teaching and learning are based on observations of a wider range ofbehaviors and events and their interrelationships. For example, a teacher's understanding of stu-dent errors when writing and what to do about them might follow from observations directed at answering the following kinds of questions: What kinds of errors do the students make? Can their mistakes be traced to a particular source, such as the first language?. Do they tend to make certain errors under some circumstances more than others? Do they avoid the use of certain structures or communicative functions altogether? It is evident from-this single example that it is not the observation of discrete instances oflanguage use that provides evidence about learning processes; rather, it is the observation of categories of events (such as errors) or fairly complex interrelationships among events (for example, the linguistic or communica-tive contexts within which errors tend to occur more frequently) that are the bases for inferences about learning processes. The same can be said about processes related to teaching.
Inferences about learning and instructional processes are important be-cause they affect significantly the ways in which teachers respond to their students. For example, the inference that students are using strategies derived from the first language when using their second language might lead the teacher to explain to the students the difference between the first and second language with regard to the grammatical structure or com- municative function in question. Of course, this would work only if the students were old enough and had acquired sufficient linguistic sophistica-tion to understand such an explanation. In comparison, the inference that the teacher did not provide ample demonstration of a particular linguistic structure or communicative function might lead the teacher to provide more time for practice using it in whole group activities.
Classroom observation and any associated inferences about teaching and learning are important for planning instruction of the same unit, lesson, or course in the future. Observation of how particular units worked with the current group of students may lead to decisions to retain, drop, or modify them with future groups of learners. Units may be dropped because they were too easy, too difficult, uninteresting, or not useful. Certain units may be modified because observation of their effectiveness with the current students suggested deficiencies or areas for improvement. Observations that a course did not work effectively in general with the current students might lead to decisions to revise the way in which students are placed in the course to ensure greater compatibility between the course and the charac-ter istics of the learners in the course.
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剑桥英语教师丛书：第二语言课堂评估 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt

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剑桥英语教师丛书：第二语言课堂评估

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费得·金尼斯，等写的很好，书本质量不错内容很精彩快递很给力任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性和判断来避免人生的危机用主动和关怀来赢得别人的友爱用激情和毅力来实现自己的梦想用严厉和冷酷来改正自己的缺点。新东方·六级词汇词根联想记忆法（乱序版）特点词根联想记忆法--实用有趣，巩固记忆，乱序编排--打破常规字母顺序，真题例句--仿真环境应用，直观了解考查要点，辨析图解记忆--形象生动，千言万语尽在一图中，词源--从起源透析单词释义的演变，加深理解，模拟练习--助你真正做到学以致用，500分钟标准美音3光盘（支持字幕播放）--标准单，词发音、释义以及例句，配合学习，效果加倍。任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性和判断来避免人生的危机用主动和关怀来赢得别人的友爱用激情和毅力来实现自己的梦想用严厉和冷酷来改正自己的缺点。新东方·六级词汇词根联想记忆法（乱序版）特点词根联想记忆法--实用有趣，巩固记忆，乱序编排--打破常规字母顺序，真题例句--仿真环境应用，直观了解考查要点，辨析图解记忆--形象生动，千言万语尽在一图中，词源--从起源透析单词释义的演变，加深理解，模拟练习--助你真正做到学以致用，500分钟标准美音3光盘（支持字幕播放）--标准单，词发音、释义以及例句，配合学习，效果加倍。任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性和判断来避免人生的危机用主动和关怀来赢得别人的友爱用激情和毅力来实现自己的梦想用严厉和冷酷来改正自己的缺点。新东方·六级词汇词根联想记忆法（乱序版）特点词根联想记忆法--实用有趣，巩固记忆，乱序编排--打破常规字母顺序，真题例句--仿真环境应用，直观了解考查要点，辨析图解记忆--形象生动，千言万语尽在一图中，词源--从起源透析单词释义的演变，加深理解，模拟练习--助你真正做到学以致用，500分钟标准美音3光盘（支持字幕播放）--标准单，词发音、释义以及例句，配合学习，效果加倍。任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性

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费得·金尼斯，等写的很好，书本质量不错内容很精彩快递很给力任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性和判断来避免人生的危机用主动和关怀来赢得别人的友爱用激情和毅力来实现自己的梦想用严厉和冷酷来改正自己的缺点。新东方·六级词汇词根联想记忆法（乱序版）特点词根联想记忆法--实用有趣，巩固记忆，乱序编排--打破常规字母顺序，真题例句--仿真环境应用，直观了解考查要点，辨析图解记忆--形象生动，千言万语尽在一图中，词源--从起源透析单词释义的演变，加深理解，模拟练习--助你真正做到学以致用，500分钟标准美音3光盘（支持字幕播放）--标准单，词发音、释义以及例句，配合学习，效果加倍。任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性和判断来避免人生的危机用主动和关怀来赢得别人的友爱用激情和毅力来实现自己的梦想用严厉和冷酷来改正自己的缺点。新东方·六级词汇词根联想记忆法（乱序版）特点词根联想记忆法--实用有趣，巩固记忆，乱序编排--打破常规字母顺序，真题例句--仿真环境应用，直观了解考查要点，辨析图解记忆--形象生动，千言万语尽在一图中，词源--从起源透析单词释义的演变，加深理解，模拟练习--助你真正做到学以致用，500分钟标准美音3光盘（支持字幕播放）--标准单，词发音、释义以及例句，配合学习，效果加倍。任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性和判断来避免人生的危机用主动和关怀来赢得别人的友爱用激情和毅力来实现自己的梦想用严厉和冷酷来改正自己的缺点。新东方·六级词汇词根联想记忆法（乱序版）特点词根联想记忆法--实用有趣，巩固记忆，乱序编排--打破常规字母顺序，真题例句--仿真环境应用，直观了解考查要点，辨析图解记忆--形象生动，千言万语尽在一图中，词源--从起源透析单词释义的演变，加深理解，模拟练习--助你真正做到学以致用，500分钟标准美音3光盘（支持字幕播放）--标准单，词发音、释义以及例句，配合学习，效果加倍。任做新东方的这么多年里，我对自己提出了七句话，作为自己做事情的原则和指导，这七句话是用理想和信念来支撑自己的精神用平和与宽容来看待周围的人事用知识和技能来改善自己的生活用理性

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苦，不是好滋味。人尝胆汁、黄连，其味即苦也。然而，偏就有卧薪尝胆者，明知味苦，定要[SM]尝之。何故？用以励志也。苦行、苦斗、苦恋、苦苦地折磨自已，坚忍、执著，心甘情愿、锲而不舍，“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴“。苦，至此便成为一种镜界。为追求一种目的，达到一种镜界，虽苦犹乐，甘之如饴。苦之极，亦乐之极也。 读书之苦乐亦如此也。就本人自身而言我看过很多书,所以我也爱书,自然知道读书的苦与乐[ZZ][NRJJ]

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