The World of Yesterday

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Stefan Zweig
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University of Nebraska Press 1964-6-1 Paperback 9780803252240

具體描述

Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) was an Austrian writer who, at the height of his fame in the 1920s and 30s, was one of the most famous authors in the world. Zweig was born into a wealthy Austrian-Jewish family in Vienna, where he attended school and university before continuing his studies on Berlin. A devotee of Hugo von Hoffmanstahl, he had published his first book of poetry by the age of 19. After taking a pacifist stance during the First World War he travelled widely and became an international bestseller with a string of hugely popular novellas including Letter from an Unknown Woman, Amok and Fear. He also developed friendships with great writers, thinkers and artists of the day, including Romain Rolland, Rainer Maria Rilke, Arturo Toscanini and, perhaps most importantly, Sigmund Freud, whose philosophy had a great influence on Zweig’s work.

In 1934, with the rise of Nazism, he moved to London. There he began proceedings for the divorce of his first wife Frederika, whom he had left for his secretary Lotte Altmann, a young German-Jewish refugee. In London he also wrote his only novel – his most famous and arguably greatest work, Beware of Pity – before moving to Bath, where, with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, he and Lotte took British citizenship. With the German occupation of France in 1940, Zweig, a committed pacifist and advocate of European integration, was devastated. “Europe is finished, our world destroyed,” he wrote. Zweig and Lotte married and left Europe for New York, before finally settling in Petrópolis, Brazil, where in 1942 the couple were found dead in an apparent double suicide.

Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) was a poet, novelist, and dramatist, but it was his biographies that expressed his full genius, recreating for his international audience the Elizabethan age, the French Revolution, the great days of voyages and discoveries. In this autobiography he holds the mirror up to his own age, telling the story of a generation that 'was loaded down with a burden of fate as was hardly any other in the course of history'. Zweig attracted to himself the best minds and loftiest souls of his era: Freud, Yeats, Borgese, Pirandello, Gorky, Ravel, Joyce, Toscanini, Jane Addams, Anatole France, and Romain Rolland are but a few of the friends he writes about. Stefan Zweig was an Austrian writer whose life connected with James Joyce, Richard Strauss, Sigmund Freud and Adolf Hitler - among many others. He was, essentially, a European of the old school, and his last book, "The World of Yesterday", testifies to this. Zweig was born in 1881; he lived to see the continent torn apart by two world wars and committed suicide in Brazil in 1942 when, after the fall of Singapore to the Japanese, he came to believe that a Nazi world was inevitable. "The World of Yesterday" was written shortly before his suicide and was intended as a literary capsule to remind future generations of the world that they had lost, and how that loss had come about. The main trajectory of the book is from an old world of seeming 'security' in which notions of peace, dignity and learning reigned, to the new world of war in which Hitler had destroyed all of these things. Zweig provides a vivid portrait of how war and terror can sweep over a people who are seemingly oblivious to what is happening to them. The process, in Zweig's view, vindicates the apparent pessimism of his friend Sigmund Freud - who believes that culture could never overcome the subconscious and malevolent desires of a people. Zweig lost almost everything he had to the Nazis. He was an Austrian jew who fled because he knew what was coming. The book is written entirely from memory. Its language consequently tends to lurch from the high flown and sentimental, to chillingly accurate vignettes of how a people can delude themselves about a catastrophe in their midst. He manages to convey his horror when, on his final visit to Austria, he realised that none of his friends and family could imagine the worst that could happen - and hence did not believe his exhortations to leave while they could: 'They invited each other to full-dress parties (little thinking that they would soon be wearing prisoner's clothes in a concentration camp)'.

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##好的文章要有好主題,好結構,好句子。什麼叫做“好”的文章呢?好情懷。因此“好”文章本身就是一件可遇不可求的事情,因此讀者與文本之間纔會形成一種相互作用的氣場,因此人各有異。 大概是上初中的時候就喜歡茨威格瞭,因為那篇課文,那篇寫斯科特的課文。記得當...  

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##Meet the time as it meets us.

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很久以前在圓明園的一個書攤上買瞭北大版的<<海涅 席勒與茨威格>>,那是我第一次聽說茨威格。 當時隻對有關海涅的文章感興趣,對書中介紹的茨威格的愛情小說<<一個陌生女人的來信>>和<<焦灼的心靈>>不是很上心。茨威格這個名字也就從此放下瞭。 今年初由看陀思妥耶夫斯...  

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##"because he (Freud) denied the supremacy of culture over our instinctive drives, and current events confirmed in the most dreadful way - not that he was proud of it - his opinion that it is impossible to root the elemental, barbaric destructive drive out of the human psyche." // a few pages each day on the train to the other Vienna

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##第二次讀完,和兩年前相比時的心情比更難受,對於一個在歐洲生活12年半的人來說,可能是這兩年歐洲發生的事情更能讓我relate這部作品,我們的文明和自由存在的時候是那麼美好,但是何其脆弱?字裏行間也許能透露齣茨威格本人的一點中二,但是沒人能否定這個作者熱愛文明熱愛和平的noble heart。他那種眼睜睜的看著屬於自己的,屬於昨日的美好世界讓兩次senseless的戰爭毀掉的痛苦,我們恐怕時體會不到的。在1942年在異國他鄉結束自己的生命也許是最好的選擇。這是一個文學大傢的傲骨,讓我肅然起敬。PS:感謝Wes Anderson完美的把握瞭這部作品的靈魂。茨威格在世的時候沒想到自己會如此成功,而布達佩斯大飯店則是真正意義上告慰瞭他的在天之靈

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