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內容簡介

本書采用ARM取代瞭早先使用MIPS作為核心處理器來介紹計算機組織和設計的基本概念，涵蓋瞭數字邏輯設計的主要內容。本書以一種流行的方式介紹瞭從計算機組織和設計到更細節層次的內容，涵蓋瞭數字邏輯設計的主要內容，並通過ARM微處理器的設計強化數字邏輯的概念。本書的典型特色是將數字邏輯和計算機體係結構融閤，教學內容反映瞭當前數字電路設計的主流方法，並突齣計算機體係結構的工程特點，書中的大量示例及習題也可以加強讀者對基本概念和技術的理解和記憶。

作者簡介

莎拉 L. 哈裏斯（Sarah L. Harris）　內華達大學電子與計算機工程係副教授，擁有斯坦福大學電子工程博士學位。她曾在惠普、聖地亞哥超算中心、英偉達公司和微軟亞洲研究院工作，擅長計算機體係結構設計和係統設計。戴維·莫尼·哈裏斯（David Money Harris） 哈維瑪德學院工程係教授，擁有斯坦福大學電子工程博士學位。他曾在英特爾公司從事Itanium和Pentium II處理器的邏輯和電路設計，並曾擔任Sun Microsystems、惠普、Evans & Sutherland等設計公司的顧問，獲得瞭12項專利。

目錄

Contents

Preface . vi

Features . vii

Online Supplements viii

How to Use the Software Tools in a Course ix

Labs ix

Bugs x

Acknowledgments xi

Chapter 1 From Zero to One 3

1.1 TheGamePlan 3

1.2 The Art of Managing Complexity . 4

1.2.1 Abstraction 4

1.2.2 Discipline 5

1.2.3 The Three-Y’s 6

1.3 The Digital Abstraction 7

1.4 Number Systems. 9

1.4.1 Decimal Numbers 9

1.4.2 Binary Numbers 9

1.4.3 Hexadecimal Numbers . 11

1.4.4 Bytes, Nibbles, and All That Jazz . 13

1.4.5 Binary Addition . 14

1.4.6 Signed Binary Numbers 15

1.5 Logic Gates 19

1.5.1 NOT Gate 20

1.5.2 Buffer 20

1.5.3 AND Gate 20

1.5.4 OR Gate . 21

1.5.5 Other Two-Input Gates 21

1.5.6 Multiple-Input Gates . 21

1.6 Beneath the Digital Abstraction 22

1.6.1 Supply Voltage 22

1.6.2 Logic Levels 22

1.6.3 Noise Margins 23

1.6.4 DC Transfer Characteristics 24

1.6.5 The Static Discipline . 24

1.7 CMOSTransistors 26

1.7.1 Semiconductors 27

1.7.2 Diodes 27

1.7.3 Capacitors 28

1.7.4 nMOS and pMOS Transistors 28

1.7.5 CMOS NOT Gate . 31

1.7.6 Other CMOS Logic Gates . 31

1.7.7 Transmission Gates 33

1.7.8 Pseudo-nMOS Logic . 33

1.8 Power Consumption 34

1.9 Summary and a Look Ahead 35

Exercises 37

Interview Questions . 52

Chapter 2 Combinational Logic Design 55

2.1 Introduction 55

2.2 BooleanEquations 58

2.2.1 Terminology 58

2.2.2 Sum-of-Products Form . 58

2.2.3 Product-of-Sums Form . 60

2.3 BooleanAlgebra 60

2.3.1 Axioms . 61

2.3.2 Theorems of One Variable . 61

2.3.3 Theorems of Several Variables 62

2.3.4 The Truth Behind It All 64

2.3.5 Simplifying Equations 65

2.4 From Logic to Gates 66

2.5 Multilevel Combinational Logic 69

2.5.1 Hardware Reduction . 70

2.5.2 Bubble Pushing 71

2.6 X’s and Z’s, Oh My 73

2.6.1 Illegal Value: X . 73

2.6.2 Floating Value: Z 74

2.7 Karnaugh Maps 75

2.7.1 Circular Thinking . 76

2.7.2 Logic Minimization with K-Maps . 77

2.7.3 Don't Cares . 81

2.7.4 The Big Picture 82

2.8 Combinational Building Blocks 83

2.8.1 Multiplexers . 83

2.8.2 Decoders . 86

2.9 Timing. 88

2.9.1 Propagation and Contamination Delay 88

2.9.2 Glitches . 92

2.10 Summary 95

Exercises 97

Interview Questions 106

Chapter 3 Sequential Logic Design 109

3.1 Introduction. 109

3.2 Latches and Flip-Flops . 109

3.2.1 SR Latch . 111

3.2.2 D Latch 113

3.2.3 D FIip-Flop . 114

3.2.4 Register . 114

3.2.5 Enabled Flip-Flop . 115

3.2.6 Resettable Flip-Flop 116

3.2.7 Transistor-Level Latch and Flip-Flop Designs 116

3.2.8 Putting It All Together . 118

3.3 Synchronous Logic Design 119

3.3.1 Some Problematic Circuits 119

3.3.2 Synchronous Sequential Circuits 120

3.3.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous Circuits . 122

3.4 Finite State Machines 123

3.4.1 FSM Design Example 123

3.4.2 State Encodings . 129

3.4.3 Moore and Mealy Machines 132

3.4.4 Factoring State Machines . 134

3.4.5 Deriving an FSM from a Schematic . 137

3.4.6 FSM Review 140

3.5 Timing of Sequential Logic . 141

3.5.1 The Dynamic Discipline 142

3.5.2 System Timing 142

3.5.3 Clock Skew . 148

3.5.4 Metastability 151

3.5.5 Synchronizers . 152

3.5.6 Derivation of Resolution Time 154

3.6 Parallelism 157

3.7 Summary . 161

Exercises 162

Interview Questions 171

Chapter 4 Hardware Description Languages 173

4.1 Introduction. 173

4.1.1 Modules 173

4.1.2 Language Origins . 174

4.1.3 Simulation and Synthesis . 175

4.2 Combinational Logic. 177

4.2.1 Bitwise Operators . 177

4.2.2 Comments and White Space 180

4.2.3 Reduction Operators . 180

4.2.4 Conditional Assignment 181

4.2.5 Internal Variables . 182

4.2.6 Precedence 184

4.2.7 Numbers 185

4.2.8 Z’s and X’s . 186

4.2.9 Bit Swizzling 188

4.2.10 Delays 188

4.3 Structural Modeling 190

4.4 Sequential Logic . 193

4.4.1 Registers 193

4.4.2 Resettable Registers 194

4.4.3 Enabled Registers 196

4.4.4 Multiple Registers . 197

4.4.5 Latches . 198

4.5 MoreCombinationalLogic. 198

4.5.1 Case Statements . 201

4.5.2 If Statements 202

4.5.3 Truth Tables with Don’t Cares . 205

4.5.4 Blocking and Nonblocking Assi

......

前言/序言

PrefaceThis book is unique in its treatment in that it presents digital logic design from the perspective of computer architecture, starting at the beginning with 1’s and 0’s, and leading through the design of a microprocessor.We believe that building a microprocessor is a special rite of passage for engineering and computer science students. The inner workings of a proces-sor seem almost magical to the uninitiated, yet prove to be straightforward when carefully explained. Digital design in itself is a powerful and exciting subject. Assembly language programming unveils the inner language spoken by the processor. Microarchitecture is the link that brings it all together.The first two editions of this increasingly popular text have covered the MIPS architecture in the tradition of the widely used architecture books by Patterson and Hennessy. As one of the original Reduced Instruction Set Computing architectures, MIPS is clean and exceptionally easy to understand and build. MIPS remains an important architecture and has been infused with new energy after Imagination Technologies acquired it in 2013.Over the past two decades, the ARM architecture has exploded in popularity because of its efficiency and rich ecosystem. More than 50 bil-lion ARM processors have been shipped, and more than 75% of humans on the planet use products with ARM processors. At the time of this writ-ing, nearly every cell phone and tablet sold contains one or more ARM processors. Forecasts predict tens of billions more ARM processors soon controlling the Internet of Things. Many companies are building high-per-formance ARM syst 數字設計和計算機體係結構（英文版·第2版·ARM版） 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

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