内容简介
本书是经典的离散数学教材,为全球多所大学广为采用。本书全面而系统地介绍了离散数学的理论和方法,内容涉及逻辑和证明,集合、函数、序列、求和与矩阵,计数,关系,图,树,布尔代数。全书取材广泛,除包括定义、定理的严格陈述外,还配备大量的实例和图表说明、各种练习和题目。第7版在前六版的基础上做了大量的改进,使其成为更有效的教学工具。本书可作为高等院校数学、计算机科学和计算机工程等专业的教材或参考书。
作者简介
Kenneth H. Rosen,1972年获密歇根大学数学学士学位,1976年获麻省理工学院数学博士学位,1982年加入贝尔实验室,现为AT&T;实验室特别成员,国际知名的计算机数学专家,除本书外,还著有《初等数论及其应用》等书。
目录
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The Adapter 's Words
Preface
About the Author
The Companion Website
To the Student
List of Symbols
1 The Foundations: Logic and Proofs.
1.1 Propositional Logic
1.2 Applications of Propositional Logic
1.3 Propositional Equivalences.
1.4 Predicates and Quantifiers
1.5 Nested Quantifiers.
1.6 Rules of Inference.
1.7 Introduction to Proofs
1.8 Proof Methods and Strategy.
End-of-Chapter Material.
2 Basic Structures: Sets, Functions, Sequences, Sums, and Matrices
2.1 Sets..
2.2 Set Operations
2.3 Functions
2.4 Sequences and Summations.
2.5 Cardinality of Sets
2.6 Matrices
End-of-Chapter Material
3 Counting
3.1 The Basics of Counting
3.2 The Pigeonhole Principle.
3.3 Permutations and Combinations.
3.4 Binomial Coefficients and Identities
3.5 Generalized Permutations and Combinations.
3.6 Generating ermutations and Combinations
End-of-Chapter Material
4 Advanced Counting Techniques
4.1 Applications of Recurrence Relations
4.2 Solving Linear Recurrence Relations
4.3 Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms and Recurrence Relations
4.4 Generating Functions
4.5 Inclusion xclusion.
4.6 Applications of Inclusion xclusion
End-of-Chapter Material..
5 Relations.
5.1 Relations and Their Properties
5.2 n-ary Relations and Their Applications
5.3 Representing Relations.
5.4 Closures of Relations
5.5 Equivalence Relations.
5.6 Partial Orderings.
End-of-Chapter Material.
6 Graphs.
6.1 Graphs and Graph Models.
6.2 Graph Terminology and Special Types of Graphs
6.3 Representing Graphs and Graph Isomorphism.
6.4 Connectivity.
6.5 Euler and Hamilton Paths.
6.6 Shortest-Path Problems.
6.7 Planar Graphs.
6.8 Graph Coloring.
End-of-Chapter Material
7 Trees
7.1 Introduction to Trees.
7.2 Applications of Trees.
7.3 Tree Traversal.
7.4 Spanning Trees
7.5 Minimum Spanning Trees
End-of-Chapter Material.
8 Boolean Algebra
8.1 Boolean Functions
8.2 Representing Boolean Functions
8.3 Logic Gates
8.4 Minimization of Circuits
End-of-Chapter Material..
Suggested Readings
Answers to Exercises
前言/序言
PrefaceIn writing this book, I was guided by my long-standing experience and interest in teaching discrete mathematics. For the student, my purpose was to present material in a precise, readable manner, with the concepts and techniques of discrete mathematics clearly presented and demonstrated. My goal was to show the relevance and practicality of discrete mathematics to students, who are often skeptical. I wanted to give students studying computer science all of the mathematical foundations they need for their future studies. I wanted to give mathematics students an understanding of important mathematical concepts together with a sense of why these concepts are important for applications. And most importantly, I wanted to accomplish these goals without watering down the material.For the instructor, my purpose was to design a flexible, comprehensive teaching tool using proven pedagogical techniques in mathematics. I wanted to provide instructors with a package of materials that they could use to teach discrete mathematics effectively and efficiently in the most appropriate manner for their particular set of students. I hope that I have achieved these goals.I have been extremely gratified by the tremendous success of this text. The many improvements in the seventh edition have been made possible by the feedback and suggestions of a large number of instructors and students at many of the more than 600 North American schools, and at any many universities in parts of the world, where this book has been successfully used.This text is designed for a one-or two-term introductory discrete mathematics course taken by students in a wide variety of majors, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering. College algebra is the only explicit prerequisite, although a certain degree of mathematical maturity is needed to study discrete mathematics in a meaningful way. This book has been designed to meet the needs of almost all types of introductory discrete mathematics courses. It is highly flexible and extremely comprehensive. The book is designed not only to be a successful textbook, but also to serve as valuable resource students can consult throughout their studies and professional life.Goals of a Discrete Mathematics CourseA discrete mathematics course has more than one purpose. Students should learn a particular set of mathematical facts and how to apply them; more importantly, such a course should teach students how to think logically and mathematically. To achieve these goals, this text stresses mathematical reasoning and the different ways problems are solved. Five important themes are interwoven in this text: mathematical reasoning, combinatorial analysis, discrete structures, algorithmic thinking, and applications and modeling. A successful discrete mathematics course should carefully blend and balance all five themes.1. Mathematical Reasoning: Students must understand mathematical reasoning in order to read, comprehend, and construct mathematical arguments. This text starts with a discussion of mathematical logic, which serves as the foundation for the subsequent discussions of methods of proof. Both the science and the art of constructing proofs are addressed. The technique of mathematical induction is stressed through many different types of examples of such proofs and a careful explanation of why mathematical induction is a valid proof technique.2. Combinatorial Analysis: An important problem-solving skill is the ability to count or enumerate objects. The discussion of enumeration in this book begins with the basic techniques of counting. The stress is on performing combinatorial analysis to solve counting problems and analyz ealgorithms, not on applying formulae.3. Discrete Structures: A course in discrete mathematics should teach students how to work with discrete structures, which are the abstract mathematical structures used to represent discrete objects and relationships between these objects. These discrete structures include sets, permutations, relations, graphs, trees, and finite-state machines.4. Algor
《离散数学及其应用(英文精编版·第7版)》简介 这本书是一本内容丰富、条理清晰的离散数学教材,旨在为读者构建坚实的数学基础,并展示这些概念在计算机科学、工程学以及其他许多领域的广泛应用。第七版在继承前几版优良传统的基础上,进行了多项更新和改进,力求在内容深度、广度以及教学辅助方面都达到新的高度。 核心数学概念的深度探索: 本书的核心目标是系统性地介绍离散数学的各个关键分支。我们将从逻辑和证明的基石出发,深入探讨命题逻辑、谓词逻辑以及各种证明技巧。这部分内容对于培养严谨的数学思维至关重要,为后续更复杂的概念打下基础。读者将学会如何构建和评估逻辑论证,理解数学陈述的真伪,以及掌握归纳法、反证法等重要的证明工具。 接下来,我们将聚焦于集合论。在此章节中,我们将详细介绍集合的基本运算,如并集、交集、差集和补集,并深入讨论子集、幂集和笛卡尔积的概念。集合之间的关系,如相等、包含以及各种势的概念,也将得到详尽的阐述。我们将分析集合论在计数、数据库以及其他数据结构中的应用,例如如何用集合来描述和操作数据。 关系和函数是离散数学中另一个不可或缺的组成部分。本书将详细讲解关系的性质,如自反性、对称性、反对称性和传递性,并介绍等价关系和偏序关系。在此基础上,我们将深入探讨函数的定义、性质以及各种类型的函数,包括单射、满射和双射。函数在算法分析、数据建模以及计算机科学中的地位不言而喻,本书将通过大量实例展示其重要性。 图论是本书的重点之一,也是离散数学在计算机科学中最直观的应用领域之一。我们将从图的基本定义入手,介绍有向图和无向图,以及各种重要的图类型,如完全图、二分图、树和有环图。本书将详细阐述图的遍历算法(如深度优先搜索和广度优先搜索)、最短路径算法(如Dijkstra算法和Floyd-Warshall算法),以及连通性、匹配和网络流等重要概念。读者将看到图论如何应用于网络设计、交通规划、社交网络分析以及数据库查询优化。 组合学部分将带领读者探索计数问题的艺术。我们将详细介绍排列、组合、二项式定理以及容斥原理。这些工具将帮助我们解决从概率计算到算法效率分析等各种问题。本书将重点介绍生成函数和递推关系,它们是解决更复杂计数问题和分析算法递归结构的关键。 最后,本书还将对抽象代数中的基本概念进行介绍,包括群、环和域。我们将讨论这些代数结构的性质、子结构以及同态和同构的概念。虽然这部分内容可能相对抽象,但它在密码学、纠错码以及理论计算机科学等领域有着深远的影响,本书旨在为读者提供一个初步的认识和理解。 深入的应用性探讨: 本书的独特之处在于其对离散数学概念在实际应用中的深度挖掘。每一章都将穿插大量来自计算机科学、信息技术、工程学、运筹学、统计学甚至生物信息学等领域的案例研究和应用实例。 例如,在逻辑部分,我们将展示逻辑在电路设计、数据库查询语言和人工智能中的作用。在集合论部分,我们将探讨集合在描述数据结构(如列表、栈、队列)和实现数据库操作中的应用。在图论部分,本书将详细介绍如何在计算机网络中实现路由协议、如何进行社交网络分析、如何解决旅行商问题以及如何在生物信息学中分析基因序列。 组合学部分的应用将涵盖概率论的基石,例如如何计算特定事件发生的概率,以及在算法分析中估计算法的时间和空间复杂度。递推关系的应用将体现在对动态规划算法的理解和设计上。抽象代数部分的应用将触及密码学的核心,如公钥加密和数字签名。 第七版的更新与改进: 第七版在内容上进行了细致的修订和扩充,以适应当前学科发展的最新趋势和教学需求。 新增和强化了部分主题: 本版在某些关键领域增加了新的内容或深化了现有内容的阐述。例如,在组合学部分,可能增加了对更先进计数技巧的介绍,或者在图论部分,对某些特定类型的图算法进行了更详尽的分析。 更新了应用案例: 随着技术的发展,离散数学的应用场景也在不断变化。第七版对案例研究进行了更新,使其更具时效性和相关性,反映了当今科技前沿的应用。 改进了教学辅助材料: 本版在习题、例题以及图示等方面进行了优化。习题集包含了从基础到进阶的各种难度,旨在帮助读者巩固所学知识。新增的例题和更清晰的图示将有助于读者更直观地理解抽象概念。 提升了可读性与流畅性: 本版在语言表述和章节组织上也进行了优化,力求使教材更加易于阅读和理解,无论是对于初学者还是有一定基础的读者。 学习上的优势: 本书的结构清晰,逻辑严谨,每个概念的引入都循序渐进,辅以大量的例题和练习。作者注重理论与实践的结合,使得读者在学习抽象数学概念的同时,能够深刻理解其价值和应用。丰富的习题集为读者提供了充足的练习机会,帮助巩固和深化理解。 无论是对于正在攻读计算机科学、数学、工程学或其他相关专业的学生,还是对于希望系统学习离散数学以提升解决问题能力的专业人士,《离散数学及其应用(英文精编版·第7版)》都是一本不可多得的宝贵资源。它不仅能帮助读者掌握离散数学的核心理论,更能引导读者认识到这一学科在构建现代技术体系中的关键作用。