內容簡介
本書是經典的離散數學教材,為全球多所大學廣為采用。本書全麵而係統地介紹瞭離散數學的理論和方法,內容涉及邏輯和證明,集閤、函數、序列、求和與矩陣,計數,關係,圖,樹,布爾代數。全書取材廣泛,除包括定義、定理的嚴格陳述外,還配備大量的實例和圖錶說明、各種練習和題目。第7版在前六版的基礎上做瞭大量的改進,使其成為更有效的教學工具。本書可作為高等院校數學、計算機科學和計算機工程等專業的教材或參考書。
作者簡介
Kenneth H. Rosen,1972年獲密歇根大學數學學士學位,1976年獲麻省理工學院數學博士學位,1982年加入貝爾實驗室,現為AT&T;實驗室特彆成員,國際知名的計算機數學專傢,除本書外,還著有《初等數論及其應用》等書。
目錄
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The Adapter 's Words
Preface
About the Author
The Companion Website
To the Student
List of Symbols
1 The Foundations: Logic and Proofs.
1.1 Propositional Logic
1.2 Applications of Propositional Logic
1.3 Propositional Equivalences.
1.4 Predicates and Quantifiers
1.5 Nested Quantifiers.
1.6 Rules of Inference.
1.7 Introduction to Proofs
1.8 Proof Methods and Strategy.
End-of-Chapter Material.
2 Basic Structures: Sets, Functions, Sequences, Sums, and Matrices
2.1 Sets..
2.2 Set Operations
2.3 Functions
2.4 Sequences and Summations.
2.5 Cardinality of Sets
2.6 Matrices
End-of-Chapter Material
3 Counting
3.1 The Basics of Counting
3.2 The Pigeonhole Principle.
3.3 Permutations and Combinations.
3.4 Binomial Coefficients and Identities
3.5 Generalized Permutations and Combinations.
3.6 Generating ermutations and Combinations
End-of-Chapter Material
4 Advanced Counting Techniques
4.1 Applications of Recurrence Relations
4.2 Solving Linear Recurrence Relations
4.3 Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms and Recurrence Relations
4.4 Generating Functions
4.5 Inclusion xclusion.
4.6 Applications of Inclusion xclusion
End-of-Chapter Material..
5 Relations.
5.1 Relations and Their Properties
5.2 n-ary Relations and Their Applications
5.3 Representing Relations.
5.4 Closures of Relations
5.5 Equivalence Relations.
5.6 Partial Orderings.
End-of-Chapter Material.
6 Graphs.
6.1 Graphs and Graph Models.
6.2 Graph Terminology and Special Types of Graphs
6.3 Representing Graphs and Graph Isomorphism.
6.4 Connectivity.
6.5 Euler and Hamilton Paths.
6.6 Shortest-Path Problems.
6.7 Planar Graphs.
6.8 Graph Coloring.
End-of-Chapter Material
7 Trees
7.1 Introduction to Trees.
7.2 Applications of Trees.
7.3 Tree Traversal.
7.4 Spanning Trees
7.5 Minimum Spanning Trees
End-of-Chapter Material.
8 Boolean Algebra
8.1 Boolean Functions
8.2 Representing Boolean Functions
8.3 Logic Gates
8.4 Minimization of Circuits
End-of-Chapter Material..
Suggested Readings
Answers to Exercises
前言/序言
PrefaceIn writing this book, I was guided by my long-standing experience and interest in teaching discrete mathematics. For the student, my purpose was to present material in a precise, readable manner, with the concepts and techniques of discrete mathematics clearly presented and demonstrated. My goal was to show the relevance and practicality of discrete mathematics to students, who are often skeptical. I wanted to give students studying computer science all of the mathematical foundations they need for their future studies. I wanted to give mathematics students an understanding of important mathematical concepts together with a sense of why these concepts are important for applications. And most importantly, I wanted to accomplish these goals without watering down the material.For the instructor, my purpose was to design a flexible, comprehensive teaching tool using proven pedagogical techniques in mathematics. I wanted to provide instructors with a package of materials that they could use to teach discrete mathematics effectively and efficiently in the most appropriate manner for their particular set of students. I hope that I have achieved these goals.I have been extremely gratified by the tremendous success of this text. The many improvements in the seventh edition have been made possible by the feedback and suggestions of a large number of instructors and students at many of the more than 600 North American schools, and at any many universities in parts of the world, where this book has been successfully used.This text is designed for a one-or two-term introductory discrete mathematics course taken by students in a wide variety of majors, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering. College algebra is the only explicit prerequisite, although a certain degree of mathematical maturity is needed to study discrete mathematics in a meaningful way. This book has been designed to meet the needs of almost all types of introductory discrete mathematics courses. It is highly flexible and extremely comprehensive. The book is designed not only to be a successful textbook, but also to serve as valuable resource students can consult throughout their studies and professional life.Goals of a Discrete Mathematics CourseA discrete mathematics course has more than one purpose. Students should learn a particular set of mathematical facts and how to apply them; more importantly, such a course should teach students how to think logically and mathematically. To achieve these goals, this text stresses mathematical reasoning and the different ways problems are solved. Five important themes are interwoven in this text: mathematical reasoning, combinatorial analysis, discrete structures, algorithmic thinking, and applications and modeling. A successful discrete mathematics course should carefully blend and balance all five themes.1. Mathematical Reasoning: Students must understand mathematical reasoning in order to read, comprehend, and construct mathematical arguments. This text starts with a discussion of mathematical logic, which serves as the foundation for the subsequent discussions of methods of proof. Both the science and the art of constructing proofs are addressed. The technique of mathematical induction is stressed through many different types of examples of such proofs and a careful explanation of why mathematical induction is a valid proof technique.2. Combinatorial Analysis: An important problem-solving skill is the ability to count or enumerate objects. The discussion of enumeration in this book begins with the basic techniques of counting. The stress is on performing combinatorial analysis to solve counting problems and analyz ealgorithms, not on applying formulae.3. Discrete Structures: A course in discrete mathematics should teach students how to work with discrete structures, which are the abstract mathematical structures used to represent discrete objects and relationships between these objects. These discrete structures include sets, permutations, relations, graphs, trees, and finite-state machines.4. Algor
《離散數學及其應用(英文精編版·第7版)》簡介 這本書是一本內容豐富、條理清晰的離散數學教材,旨在為讀者構建堅實的數學基礎,並展示這些概念在計算機科學、工程學以及其他許多領域的廣泛應用。第七版在繼承前幾版優良傳統的基礎上,進行瞭多項更新和改進,力求在內容深度、廣度以及教學輔助方麵都達到新的高度。 核心數學概念的深度探索: 本書的核心目標是係統性地介紹離散數學的各個關鍵分支。我們將從邏輯和證明的基石齣發,深入探討命題邏輯、謂詞邏輯以及各種證明技巧。這部分內容對於培養嚴謹的數學思維至關重要,為後續更復雜的概念打下基礎。讀者將學會如何構建和評估邏輯論證,理解數學陳述的真僞,以及掌握歸納法、反證法等重要的證明工具。 接下來,我們將聚焦於集閤論。在此章節中,我們將詳細介紹集閤的基本運算,如並集、交集、差集和補集,並深入討論子集、冪集和笛卡爾積的概念。集閤之間的關係,如相等、包含以及各種勢的概念,也將得到詳盡的闡述。我們將分析集閤論在計數、數據庫以及其他數據結構中的應用,例如如何用集閤來描述和操作數據。 關係和函數是離散數學中另一個不可或缺的組成部分。本書將詳細講解關係的性質,如自反性、對稱性、反對稱性和傳遞性,並介紹等價關係和偏序關係。在此基礎上,我們將深入探討函數的定義、性質以及各種類型的函數,包括單射、滿射和雙射。函數在算法分析、數據建模以及計算機科學中的地位不言而喻,本書將通過大量實例展示其重要性。 圖論是本書的重點之一,也是離散數學在計算機科學中最直觀的應用領域之一。我們將從圖的基本定義入手,介紹有嚮圖和無嚮圖,以及各種重要的圖類型,如完全圖、二分圖、樹和有環圖。本書將詳細闡述圖的遍曆算法(如深度優先搜索和廣度優先搜索)、最短路徑算法(如Dijkstra算法和Floyd-Warshall算法),以及連通性、匹配和網絡流等重要概念。讀者將看到圖論如何應用於網絡設計、交通規劃、社交網絡分析以及數據庫查詢優化。 組閤學部分將帶領讀者探索計數問題的藝術。我們將詳細介紹排列、組閤、二項式定理以及容斥原理。這些工具將幫助我們解決從概率計算到算法效率分析等各種問題。本書將重點介紹生成函數和遞推關係,它們是解決更復雜計數問題和分析算法遞歸結構的關鍵。 最後,本書還將對抽象代數中的基本概念進行介紹,包括群、環和域。我們將討論這些代數結構的性質、子結構以及同態和同構的概念。雖然這部分內容可能相對抽象,但它在密碼學、糾錯碼以及理論計算機科學等領域有著深遠的影響,本書旨在為讀者提供一個初步的認識和理解。 深入的應用性探討: 本書的獨特之處在於其對離散數學概念在實際應用中的深度挖掘。每一章都將穿插大量來自計算機科學、信息技術、工程學、運籌學、統計學甚至生物信息學等領域的案例研究和應用實例。 例如,在邏輯部分,我們將展示邏輯在電路設計、數據庫查詢語言和人工智能中的作用。在集閤論部分,我們將探討集閤在描述數據結構(如列錶、棧、隊列)和實現數據庫操作中的應用。在圖論部分,本書將詳細介紹如何在計算機網絡中實現路由協議、如何進行社交網絡分析、如何解決旅行商問題以及如何在生物信息學中分析基因序列。 組閤學部分的應用將涵蓋概率論的基石,例如如何計算特定事件發生的概率,以及在算法分析中估計算法的時間和空間復雜度。遞推關係的應用將體現在對動態規劃算法的理解和設計上。抽象代數部分的應用將觸及密碼學的核心,如公鑰加密和數字簽名。 第七版的更新與改進: 第七版在內容上進行瞭細緻的修訂和擴充,以適應當前學科發展的最新趨勢和教學需求。 新增和強化瞭部分主題: 本版在某些關鍵領域增加瞭新的內容或深化瞭現有內容的闡述。例如,在組閤學部分,可能增加瞭對更先進計數技巧的介紹,或者在圖論部分,對某些特定類型的圖算法進行瞭更詳盡的分析。 更新瞭應用案例: 隨著技術的發展,離散數學的應用場景也在不斷變化。第七版對案例研究進行瞭更新,使其更具時效性和相關性,反映瞭當今科技前沿的應用。 改進瞭教學輔助材料: 本版在習題、例題以及圖示等方麵進行瞭優化。習題集包含瞭從基礎到進階的各種難度,旨在幫助讀者鞏固所學知識。新增的例題和更清晰的圖示將有助於讀者更直觀地理解抽象概念。 提升瞭可讀性與流暢性: 本版在語言錶述和章節組織上也進行瞭優化,力求使教材更加易於閱讀和理解,無論是對於初學者還是有一定基礎的讀者。 學習上的優勢: 本書的結構清晰,邏輯嚴謹,每個概念的引入都循序漸進,輔以大量的例題和練習。作者注重理論與實踐的結閤,使得讀者在學習抽象數學概念的同時,能夠深刻理解其價值和應用。豐富的習題集為讀者提供瞭充足的練習機會,幫助鞏固和深化理解。 無論是對於正在攻讀計算機科學、數學、工程學或其他相關專業的學生,還是對於希望係統學習離散數學以提升解決問題能力的專業人士,《離散數學及其應用(英文精編版·第7版)》都是一本不可多得的寶貴資源。它不僅能幫助讀者掌握離散數學的核心理論,更能引導讀者認識到這一學科在構建現代技術體係中的關鍵作用。