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內容簡介

　　本書全麵綜述瞭形狀記憶聚閤物（SMPs）及其復閤材料的基本概念、類型、結構。此外，進一步著重介紹瞭形狀記憶聚閤物在航天、織物、生物醫藥等相關領域的應用。通過特徵鮮明的科學或工業事例，闡述瞭形狀記憶聚閤物及其復閤材料中的科學、加工和技術問題。
　　本書共12章，可以分為三部分。第一部分包括第1章，主要對形狀記憶聚閤物的基本概念、結構及應用給齣瞭概述。第二部分包括中間6章，主要介紹瞭形狀記憶聚閤物及其復閤材料的結構分類、電學和熱力學特性以及其形狀記憶效應等。第三部分包括最後5章，主要闡述瞭形狀記憶聚閤物及其復閤材料的潛在應用。

作者簡介

硃輝，1975年5月生，俄羅斯族，新疆維吾爾自治區塔城市人。1995年至今在新疆塔城地區中級人民法院工作，現任新疆塔城地區中級人民法院審判委員會委員、民事審判第一庭庭長、四級高級法官。2004年獲蘭州大學法律碩士；2011年獲中南財經政法大學法學博士。在《法律適用》，《法學雜誌》、《人民法院報》、《新疆法學》等刊物上發錶學術論文多篇。

目錄

前言
編輯
編者
1 形狀記憶聚閤物的綜述 Marc Behl and Andreas Lendlein
2 形狀記憶聚閤物的結構分類 Hong-Yan Jiang and Annette M.Schmidt
3 熱力學行為和建模方法 Hang Jerry Qi and Martin L.Dunn
4 形狀記憶聚閤物(二/三-段) 的熱力學特性和建模方法 Karl Kratz,Wolfgang Wangermaier,Matthias Heuchel,and Andreas Lendlein
5 摻雜炭黑的PU形狀記憶聚閤物的電、熱力學及形狀記憶性能 Wei Min Huang and Bin Yang
6 多功能形狀記憶聚閤物及其驅動方法 Jinsong Leng,Haibao Lu and Shanyi Du
7 形狀記憶聚閤物復閤材料 Jinsong Leng,Xin Lan and Shanyi Du
8 形狀記憶聚閤物在航天領域的應用 Yanju Liu and Jinsong Leng
9 形狀記憶聚閤物泡沫及其應用 Witold M.Sokolowski
10 形狀記憶聚閤物紡織品 Jinlian Hu
11 形狀記憶聚閤物在生物醫藥領域的應用 Witold M.Sokolowski and Jinsong Leng
12 形狀記憶聚閤物的嶄新應用及未來 Wei Min Huang
索引

精彩書摘

Overview of Shape-Memory Polymers

Marc Behl and Andreas Lendlein*

Center for Biomaterial Development, Institute for Polymer
Research, GKSS Research Center, Teltow, Germany

CONTENTS

1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................
1
1.2 Definition of Actively Moving Polymers ....................................................
2
1.3 Shape-Memory Polymer Architectures ......................................................
3
1.3.1
Thermally Induced Dual-Shape Effect ...........................................
4
1.3.1.1
Thermoplastic Shape-Memory Polymers ........................
4
1.3.1.2
Covalently Cross-Linked Shape-Memory
Polymers ...............................................................................6
1.3.2
Indirect Triggering of Thermally Induced Dual-Shape
Effect ....................................................................................................8
1.4 Light-Induced Dual-Shape Effect .............................................................. 11
1.5 Triple-Shape Polymers ................................................................................12
1.6 Outlook .......................................................................................................... 14
References ...............................................................................................................15
1.1 Introduction
The ability of polymers to respond to external stimuli such as heat or light is of
high scientific and technological significance. Their stimuli-sensitive behavior
enables such materials to change certain of their macroscopic properties such
as shape, color, or refractive index when controlled by an external signal. The
implementation of the capability to actively move into polymers has attracted
the interest of researchers, especially in the last few years, and has been
achieved in polymers as well as in gels. Sensitivity to heat, light, magnetic
fields, and ion strength or pH value was also realized in gels [1]. In nonswollen polymers, active movement is stimulated by exposure to heat or light and
could also be designed as a complex movement with more than two shapes.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andreas.lendlein@gkss.de
Besides their scientifi c significance, such materials have a high innovation
potential and can be found, e.g., in smart fabrics [2?4], heat-shrinkable tubes
for electronics or films for packaging [5], self-deployable sun sails in space-
crafts [6], self-disassembling mobile phones [7], intelligent medical devices [8],
and implants for minimally invasive surgery [9?11]. These are only examples
and cover only a small region of potential applications. Actively moving polymers may even reshape the design of products [12]. In this chapter, different classes of actively moving materials are introduced with an emphasis on
shape-memory polymers. The fundamental principles of the different functions are explained and examples for specific materials are given.

1.2 Definition of Actively Moving Polymers
Actively moving polymers are able to respond to a specific stimulus by changing their shape. In general, two types of functions have to be distinguished:
the shape-memory and the shape-changing capability. In both cases, the
basic molecular architecture is a polymer network while the mechanisms
underlying the active movement differ [13,14]. Both polymer concepts contain either molecular switches or stimuli-sensitive domains. Upon exposure
to a suitable stimulus, the switches are triggered resulting in the movement
of the shaped body.

Most shape-memory polymers are dual-shape materials exhibiting two distinct shapes. They can be deformed from their original shape and temporarily
assume another shape. This temporary shape is maintained until the shaped
body is exposed to an appropriate stimulus. Shape recovery is predefi ned
by a mechanical deformation leading to the temporary shape. So far, shape-
memory polymers induced by heat or light have been reported. Furthermore,
the concept of the thermally induced shape-memory effect has been extended
by indirect actuation, e.g., irradiation with IR-light, application of electrical
current, exposure to alternating magnetic fields, and immersion in water.

Besides exhibiting two distinct shapes, an important characteristic of
shape-memory polymers is the stability of the temporary shape until the
point of time of exposure to the suitable stimulus and the long-term stability
of the (recovered) permanent shape, which stays unchanged even when not
exposed to the stimulus anymore. Finally, different temporary shapes, substantially differing in their three-dimensional shape, can be created for the
same permanent shape in subsequent cycles.

In contrast to shape-memory polymers, shape-changing polymers change
their shape gradually, i.e., shrink or bend, as long as they are exposed to
a suitable stimulus. Once the stimulus is terminated, they recover their
original shape. This process of stimulated deformation and recovery can
be repeated several times, while the geometry, i.e., of how a workpiece is
moving, is determined by its original three-dimensional shape as the effect
is based on a phase transition in a liquid crystalline elastomer network. Heat,
light, and electromagnetic fields have been reported as suitable stimuli for
shape-changing polymers.

1.3 Shape-Memory Polymer Architectures
The shape-memory effect is not an intrinsic material property, but occurs
due to the combination of the polymer’s molecular architecture and the
resulting polymer morphology in combination with a tailored processing
and programming technology for the creation of the temporary shape. To
enable the shape-memory effect, a polymer architecture, which consists of
netpoints and molecular switches that are sensitive to an external stimulus,
is required.

The permanent shape in such a polymer network is determined by the net-
points that are cross-linked by chain segments (Figure 1.1). Netpoints can
be realized by covalent bonds or intermolecular interactions; hence, they are
either of a chemical or a physical nature. While chemical cross-linking can be
realized by suitable cross-linking chemistry, physical cross-linking requires
a polymer morphology consisting of at least two segregated domains. In
such a morphology, the domains providing the second-highest thermal transition, Ttrans, act as switching domains, and the associated segments of the
multiphase polymers are therefore called “switching segments,” while the

Extension
and
cooling
Heating
Switching segment, relaxed
Netpoint
Ttrans
°C
Ttrans
°C
Ttrans
°C
Switching segment, elongated and fixed
Shape (B)

Shape (A)

Shape (B)

FIGURE 1.1

Molecular mechanism of the thermally induced shape-memory effect. Ttrans is the thermal transition temperature of the switching phase. (Adapted from Lendlein, A. and Kelch, S., Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed., 41(12), 2034, 2002. With permission.)
domains associated-to-the highest thermal transition, Tperm, act as physical
netpoints. The segments forming such hard domains are known as “hard
segments.” These switches must be able t 形狀記憶聚閤物及其多功能復閤材料（導讀版） [Shape-Memory Polymers and Multifunctional Composites] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

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