內容簡介
《Linear Algebra》用英語寫成,包含多項式和綫性代數的基本內容,邏輯清晰,章節安排自然閤理,有近550道配套習題,許多習題十分新穎。主要內容包括:整數和多項式,綫性方程組,綫性映射,矩陣和行列式,綫性空間和綫性映射,綫性變換,歐幾裏得空間,綫性型,雙綫性型以及二次型。《Linear Algebra》適閤數學係本科生作為高等代數教材使用,也可作為雙語教學和綫性代數的參考教材。
目錄
1 Integers and Polynomials
1.1 Integers
1.2 Number Fields
1.3 Polynomial
1.4 Polynomial Functions and Roots
1.5 Polvnomials over Rational Number Field
1.6 Polynomials of Several Variables
1.7 Symmetric Polynomials
1.8 Exercises
2 Systems of Linear Equations
2.1 Systems of Linear Equations and Elimination
2.2 Vectors
2.3 Matrices
2.4 Structure of Solutions of A System of Linear Equations
2.5 Exercises
3 Linear Maps, Matrices and Determinants
3. 1 Linear Maps of Vector Spaces and Matrices
3.2 Operations of Linear Maps and Matrices
3.3 Partitioned Matrices
3, 4 Elementary Matrices and Invertible Matrices
3.5 Determinants
3.5.1 Permutation and Determinant
3.5.2 Properties of Determinant
3.5.3 Expansion of Determinant
3.5.4 Applications of Determinant
3.6 Exercises
4 Linear Spaces and Linear Maps
4. 1 Linear Spaces
4.2 Dimension, Basis, Coordinates
4.3 Basis Change and Coordinate Transformations
4.4 Linear Maps and Isomorphism
4.5 Matrices of Linear Maps
4.6 Subspaces and Direct Sum
4.7 Space Decomposition and Partitioned Matrices
4.8 Exercises
5 Linear Transformations
5.1 Linear Transformations
5.2 Similarity of Matrices
5.3 ),-Matrices
5.4 Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and Characteristic Polynomials
5.5 Invariant Subspaces
5.6 Equivalence of λ-matrices
5.7 Invariant Factors and Elementary Divisors
5.8 Condition for Similarity of Matrices
5.9 Jordan Canonical Forms of Matrices
5.10 Rat iona! Canonical Forms of Matrices
5.11 Exercises
6 Euclidean Spaces
6.1 Inner Product and Basic Properties
6.2 Orthogonal Bases and Schmidt Orthonormalization
6.3 Subspaces and Orthogonal Complements
6.4 Isometry and Orthogonal Transformations
6.5 Symmetric Matrices and Symmetric Transformations
6.6 The Method of Least Squares——System of Linear Equations
Revisited
6.7 A Brief Introduction to Unitary Spaces
6.8 Exercises
7 Linear Forms, Bilinear Forms and Quadratic Forms
7.1 Linear Forms and the Dual Space
7.2 Bilinear Forms
7.3 Symmetric Bilinear Forms
7.4 Quadratic Forms
7.5 Quadratic Forms over Real and Complex Number Fields
7.6 Positive Definite Quadratic Forms over Real Number Field
7.7 Exercises
Bibliography
Index
精彩書摘
84.Use the least squares method to find the best choice of a line Y=a。+a1xto fit the(X,Y)一data points(-1,1),(0,0),(1,3),(2,4).Plot the 1ineand the data points in the(x,y)一plane.
85.The owner of a rapidly expanding business finds that for the first fivemonths of the year his sales are RMB 4000,4400,5200,6400 and8000.He plots these figures on a graph and conjectures that for the restof the year his sales curve can be approximated by a quadratic polynomia1.Find the least squares quadratic polynomial fit to the sales curve anduse it to project the sales for the 12th month of the year.
86.When the space shuttle Challenger exploded in 1986,one of the criticisms made of NASA’S decision to Launch was in the way the analysis ofnumber of Oring failures versus temperature was made(of course,Oring failure caused the explosion).Four Oring failures will cause therocket tO explode.NASA had data from 24 previous flights.
前言/序言
高等代數是數學係本科一年級的課程。在教學過程中我們逐漸感到有必要編寫一本新的高等代數教材。一方麵是為瞭與中學教學內容的銜接,另一方麵也是為瞭順應時代的需要。由於對課程內容和教學理念有許多一緻的看法,兩位作者準備聯閤編寫一本高等代數教材。講義初稿從2000年起著手編寫,2001年9月完成,並於當年鞦季起一直在四川大學數學學院一年級所有班級中連續使用。由於書稿是在電腦上直接寫成的,而敲打漢字對我們來說又是件痛苦的事,因此我們就順便用英文寫成。從近五年的連續使用情況來看,學生反映教材章節安排自然閤理,邏輯清晰,舉例適當。大多數學生認為習題新穎、量大,難易結閤且和教學內容互補搭配。
我們以如何求解綫性方程組為齣發點,進而考慮解的結構,自然引申齣嚮量、矩陣、行列式、綫性空間等概念並展開討論。第一章預先討論瞭一元多項式和多元多項式的基本概念和結論,為後麵學習綫性代數做準備。在第二章裏,我們以討論解綫性方程組的解為中心,引入瞭嚮量和矩陣的概念並討論瞭它們的基本關係和性質。第三章主要討論瞭矩陣的運算和行列式。我們首先建立瞭在固定的標準單位嚮量組下嚮量空間上的綫性映射和矩陣的一一對應關係,然後將矩陣的加法和乘積自然定義為綫性映射加和乘的矩陣。進而藉助映射誘導齣矩陣的許多性質。這一章裏我們還專門討論瞭分塊矩陣的運算準則和例子。在討論行列式時,我們藉助初等矩陣,給齣矩陣乘積行列式的公式,並沒有用到行列式的定義。這些是與大多數的其他同類教材不同的地方。第四章、第五章分彆討論瞭綫性空間、綫性映射和綫性變換。在第五章裏我們還討論瞭矩陣、若爾當標準形和一般數域上的有理標準形。第六章是關於歐幾裏得空間的,主要包含內積空間、正交變換、對稱變換、正交矩陣、對稱矩陣等基本內容。我們把二次型放到瞭第七章。這一章先講瞭綫性型和雙綫性型。作為應用,我們討論瞭二次型和正定二次型的基本性質,包括二次型的標準形問題。
普通高等教育十一五國傢級規劃教材:linear Algebra 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書