The Nature of Technology

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W. Brian Arthur
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Free Press 2009-8-11 Hardcover 9781416544050

具體描述

布萊恩•阿瑟(Brian Arthur)

 復雜性科學的重要奠基人。擁有加州大學伯剋利分校經濟學博士學位,37 歲就成為斯坦福大學最年輕的經濟學教授。

 聖塔菲研究所元老級人物。投身於復雜性科學領域研究,在聖塔菲研究所“科學委員會”任職時間長達18 年,在“理事會”任職10 年。

 研究正反饋機製的先驅,以“收益遞增規律”為基礎形成瞭自己的新經濟思想。

 榮獲復雜性科學領域的首屆拉格朗日奬。

 1990 年榮獲熊彼特奬。

"More than any thing else technology creates our world. It creates our wealth, our economy, our very way of being," says W. Brian Arthur. Yet, until now the major questions of technology have gone unanswered. Where do new technologies come from -- how exactly does invention work? What constitutes innovation, and how is it achieved? Why are certain regions -- Cambridge, England, in the 1920s and Silicon Valley today -- hotbeds of innovation, while others languish? Does technology, like biological life, evolve? How do new industries, and the economy itself, emerge from technologies? In this groundbreaking work, pioneering technology thinker and economist W. Brian Arthur sets forth a boldly original way of thinking about technology that gives answers to these questions. The Nature of Technology is an elegant and powerful theory of technology's origins and evolution. It achieves for the progress of technology what Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions did for scientific progress. Arthur explains how transformative new technologies arise and how innovation really works. Conventional thinking ascribes the invention of technologies to "thinking outside the box," or vaguely to genius or creativity, but Arthur shows that such explanations are inadequate. Rather, technologies are put together from pieces -- themselves technologies -- that already exist. Technologies therefore share common ancestries and combine, morph, and combine again to create further technologies. Technology evolves much as a coral reef builds itself from activities of small organisms -- it creates itself from itself; all technologies are descended from earlier technologies. Drawing on a wealth of examples, from historical inventions to the high-tech wonders of today, and writing in wonder fully engaging and clear prose, Arthur takes us on a mind-opening journey that will change the way we think about technology and how it structures our lives.

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##本書提齣瞭技術演進的大緻路綫:捕獲現象➡️初級技術➡️復雜技術。作者說,技術就是一個遞歸編程,其終止條件是捕獲、駕馭的自然現象。但並沒有清晰地迴答技術是怎樣自組織起來的。作者認為,需求 & 組閤爆炸?可以解決技術演進的推力問題。但並沒有迴答好。比...  

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##傳統寫作都講求有立意、有提綱,但讀《技術的本質》時,覺得是否可以換個思路:不考慮具體的立意與提綱,先寫小的部分。 “技術都是某種組閤”。這意味著什麼呢?具體技術都是由不同層級組件構成的。再者組件本身也是由各類元件組成的(技術的遞歸性),技術會受最基礎的元件製...  

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##1. 許久沒有的閱讀快感。 2. 務必讀英文版的。 3. 與《The Innovator's Dilemma》和《Diffusion Of Innovation》兩本書一起閱讀,收獲更多。《The Nature of Technology》從技術哲學角度,比較晦澀,《The Innovator's dilemma》更多的是從商業角度,解決瞭前者沒有說明的purpose(技術的目的);《Innovator's dilemma》也有大量關於disruptive technology顛覆性技術的擴散,《Diffusion Of Innovation》則主要在於論述創新的擴散。 我剛剛在想,為什麼我要說阿瑟誇誇其談、嘩眾取寵呢?即使他囉裏八嗦就說瞭一個核心觀點,然後又東拉西扯做瞭一些不準確的類比和擴展,也沒有必要這麼刻薄人傢呀。等我總結說,他的核心觀點是“技術是模塊化構成”,而他的其他一些觀點不過似是而非的時候我自己纔明白過來,原...  

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##I will give technology three definitions that we will use throughout the book. The first and most basic one is that a technology is a means to fulfill a human purpose. For some technologies—oil refining—the purpose is explicit. For others—the computer—t...  

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