内容简介

　　本书是本科教育中，化学化工专业用辅导书。本书内容围绕普通高等教育对有机合成知识结构要求编写，体例丰富，知识点涵盖全面；题型新颖并紧紧结合新的研究成果。注重深入浅出，力争让学生便于上手，易于掌握。对不同的知识类型采用不同的方式进行归纳总结，寻其规律，沟通知识点之间的内在联系，在理解的基础上进行联系式的记忆，在大脑里编织知识的网络。

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目录

第一章 解答有机合成题的基础知识准备················································································ 1

一、烃类和简单杂环的官能团化····························································································· 1

二、官能团的转换················································································································ 6

三、复习和熟练掌握碳链的增长方法······················································································ 9

四、熟悉一些重要的重排反应······························································································ 10

五、掌握碳碳键的构建方法·································································································· 10

六、掌握化学键的切断与逆合成分析法················································································· 10

七、熟悉按照化学键异裂方式切断后的常见合成子及其对应的等价物······································· 10

八、逆合成分析切断法的技巧······························································································ 11

九、一条理想的合成路线的确定需要把握的几点···································································· 11

第二章 有机化合物常见增长和缩短碳链的方法····································································· 12

第一节 增长碳链的方法····································································································· 12

一、增加一个碳原子的常见方法··························································································· 12

二、增加两个碳原子的常见方法··························································································· 16

三、增加三个碳原子的常见方法··························································································· 19

四、增加四个碳原子的常见方法··························································································· 22

五、碳链倍增法·················································································································· 22

第二节 缩短碳链的方法····································································································· 24

一、减少一个碳原子的常见方法··························································································· 24

二、烯烃通过氧化断键减少一个或多个碳的方法···································································· 25

第三章 有机合成练习题题解······························································································· 26

参考文献·························································································································· 238

前言/序言

　　前 言

　　有机合成是一门艺术——一门分子水平上的建筑艺术；是一项复杂、艰巨的工作；也是一项耐人寻味和富有挑战性、创造性的工作。其任务就是构建碳碳骨架和所需的官能团。这就要求我们必须熟练掌握官能团的引入和相互转换的反应，以及碳碳键的构建。

　　编写本书的目的是给刚接触有机合成反应的学生提供一个模仿的样式。使有机合成初学者有样可学，促使他们较快地掌握有机合成的一些基本规律，系统掌握有机化学的基本知识和基本理论，并能很快地应用到合成路线的设计上来，迅速提高应用有机化学基本知识和基本理论的能力。通过学习和训练，帮助学生提高理论推导能力、有机化学的基本理论和基本知识的应用能力，进一步提高逻辑思维能力，拓展知识的应用范围，开阔视野。通过学习和训练，学生应能达到较顺利地掌握和熟悉有机合成路线设计的基本要求和能力。对于学生系统学习和复习有机化学，尤其是对考研具有重要意义。

　　考虑到篇幅的限制，本书主要内容分为三章，第一章解答有机合成题的基础知识准备；第二章有机化合物常见增长和缩短碳链的方法；第三章有机合成练习题题解。重点是第三章，详细介绍了300多条基本有机合成路线的设计，特点是采用一题一分析一推导一解释一路线的方式进行。按照有机合成的基本要求，进行逆合成分析，然后加以文字解释，最后给出符合有机合成要求的、可行的、简练的合成路线。

　　本书作为有机合成教学的重要参考书，重在启蒙、引领、启发，重在学生自学，适合本专科生、研究生学习参考，也适合考研学生复习使用，是一本适时的参考书。希望能给初学者和考研学习者带来一些可贵的启发，助其提高学习效率。

　　本书经过10多年的教学和考研辅导促成初稿，在学校和二级学院领导的鼓励和支持下才得以完成。由于时间关系，来不及系统分类，对有机合成的分析技术和路线设计难以做到非常精准。书中难免存在错漏之处，敬请读者批评指正。

　　编 者

　　2015年10月于广西玉林