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适读人群 ：高等院校化学工程与工艺、能源化工类本科生，能源化学工程、化学化工专业技术人员。
　　1.《化工专业英语》取材于相关专业领域的英文原版书籍。针对高年级本科生的英语接受能力，对一些语法句法复杂、生僻专业词汇偏多的段落进行了简单化处理，使之在保留专业英语原有语境基础上按通用英文语法进行重新编排，让学生通过对专业英语的阅读，逐渐达到能够直接阅读专业英语书籍和外文文献的水平。
　　2..《化工专业英语》的编写分为纯英文和中文两大部分，中文与英文部分内容严格对照但又各自独立。在英语部分，所设计的专业词汇采用英文单词注解，让学生在英语思维模式下巩固专业英语水平和能力。中文部分对文中的汉语词汇进行了英文翻译。课文的附录部分包括全书的总词汇表、煤化工专业英语词汇、基本元素词汇表。

内容简介

　　本教材取材于化学工程及能源化学工程相关领域原汁原味的英文，所选文章涉及煤化工、石油化工、天然气化工、C1化学、甲醇化学、生物质转化技术、新能源、燃料电池、氢能等领域。全书共分四个部分、十二个单元，每一单元分为精讲和阅读两个部分，两者篇幅一致、难度相近、领域相同，可适用于不同学时的课堂教学。针对高年级本科生英语接受能力，教材对一些语法复杂、专业词汇偏多的段落进行了统一化处理，在保留专业英语原有语境基础上按通用英文语法进行重新编排。本教材除用于高等院校化工专业以及能源化学工程专业本科生及研究生专业英语教学，还可用于留学生专业汉语教学及同等水平人员自修参考学习。

精彩书评

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目录

Part1 Coal Chemistry1
Unit1 Properties of Coal1
Reading Material 1 Situation of China’s Coal5
Exercise 18
第一部分煤化工10
第一单元煤的性质10
阅读材料1中国煤炭资源12
单元练习114
Unit2 Coal Gasification16
Reading Material 2 Upgrading Technology of Low�睪rade Coal20
Exercise 224
第二单元煤气化26
阅读材料2低阶煤加工技术28
单元练习230
Unit3 Direct Coal Liquefaction32
Reading Material 3Pollution Control and CO2 Capture35
Exercise 340
第三单元煤直接液化41
阅读材料3粉煤燃烧及污染控制43
单元练习346
Part 2Petrochemical47
Unit 4Crude Oil and Refinery Products47
Reading Material 4Atmospheric and Vacuum Crude Oil Distillation51
Exercise 454
第二部分石油化工56
第四单元石油及石油炼制产品56
阅读材料4常减压蒸馏59
单元练习461
Unit 5Fluid Catalytic Cracking62
Reading Material 5Catalytic Reforming66
Exercise 569
第五单元流化催化裂化70
阅读材料5催化重整73
单元练习574
Unit 6Hydrotreating Process76
Reading Material 6Distillate Hydrocracking80
Exercise 684
第六单元加氢处理工艺86
阅读材料6馏分油加氢裂化88
单元练习690
Part 3Natural Gas and C1 Chemistry91
Unit 7Natural Gas Processing and Transportation91
Reading Material 7Natural Gas Hydrate95
Exercise 799
第三部分天然气及C1化学101
第七单元天然气加工及运输101
阅读材料7天然气水合物104
单元练习7106
Unit 8Fischer�睺ropsch Synthesis107
Reading Material 8Natural Gas in China111
Exercise 8114
第八单元费托合成116
阅读材料8中国天然气现状118
单元练习8121
Unit 9Methanol Production and Application122
Reading Material 9Atmospheric Pollution and Greenhouse Effect125
Exercise 9129
第九单元甲醇生产及应用131
阅读材料9大气污染与温室效应133
单元练习9136
Part 4New Energy137
Unit 10Renewable Energy137
Reading Material 10New Energy Vehicle141
Exercise 10145
第四部分新能源147
第十单元可再生能源147
阅读材料10新能源汽车149
单元练习10151
Unit 11Biofuel152
Reading Material 11Waste Biomass Sources156
Exercise 11159
第十一单元生物燃料160
阅读材料11废弃生物质资源163
单元练习11165
Unit 12Fuel Cell166
Reading Material 12Hydrogen Energy170
Exercise 12173
第十二单元燃料电池175
阅读材料12氢能178
单元练习12180
Appendix(附录)181
Appendix 1Vocabulary181
Appendix 2Coal Chemical Vocabulary194
Appendix 3Petrochemical Vocabulary196
Reference203

精彩书摘

Gasification process
Coal undergoes a series of chemical and physical changes in a gasification process. At drying stage when coal is heated at temperature higher than 100 ℃, most of the moisture is driven out. At devolatilization stage when coal temperature is increased to 500 ℃, significant devolatilization begins. More volatile materials are released at this stage. Liable bonds between the aromatic clusters in coal structure are cleaved, generating much smaller fragments. Fragments with low molecular weights will vaporize and escape from the coal particle to constitute light gases and tar. At gasification stage when coal temperature is higher than 900 ℃, maximum volatile yield occurs. More gas products were produced in the presence of CO, CO2, CH4, H2 and H2O. The yield and composition of volatile compounds depend on the heating rate and final temperature. Volatile yield at rapid-heating rates is normally 20-40% higher than that at slow-heating rates.
Gasifier
According to the fluidization regime, coal gasifiers are generally classified as moving bed, fluidized bed and entrained flow bed.
a) Moving-bed gasifier
Lurgi gasifier is the oldest gasifier technology that is still widely used in industries. Coal is fed into an atmospheric-pressure-bunker above the gasifier. A valve on the bottom of bunker will be opened when the bunker is full, dropping the coal into a coal lock. Then, the valve will be closed and coal lock is pressured until it reaches the reaction pressure of the gasifier, typically 2.4 to 3.5 MPa. After that, a valve at the bottom of coal lock will be open, dropping the coal into the gasifier. BGL (British Gas Lurgi) gasifier is a slagging version of a Lurgi gasifier. Instead of a grate at the bottom of the gasifier, oxygen and steam are injected into the slag layer through tuyeres. A stirrer near the top of the bed allows the use of caking coals.

Lurgi gasifier BGL gasifier Winkler gasifier

b) Fluidized-bed gasifier
Winkler gasifier, commercialized in 1926, was the first industrial fluidized-bed gasifier technology. In the bubbling fluidized bed regime, coal is fed into the gasifier at atmospheric pressure. At the same time, The gas consisting of steam and air (or oxygen) is splitted into two separated streams which are fed into the gasifier. The stream from the bottom will fluidize the solid coal particles and react with the solid coal combined with another stream from the side. About 70% of the ash is carried by fluidizing gas and is taken into the head space. The low operating temperature and pressure of the winkler gasifier limits the throughput of the gasification. Lignite and sub-bituminous coal with high ash fusibility temperatures are considered as ideal feedstocks under low operating temperatures.
c) Entrained flow gasifiers
The first commercial application of entrained flow coal gasifier was developed by Texaco in 1983. The standard method of feeding coal into a high pressure entrained flow gasifier is to finely grind the coal and then mix it with water to form a pumpable slurry. The slurry and oxygen are injected into the top of the gasifier, and the gas/solid/slag mixtures flow downward. The coal/water slurry feed technique works well with bituminous coals. When using lower grade coals, the water/coal ratio of the slurry feed is often far in excess of optimum due to the high intrinsic moisture in lower grade coals. Therefore, high water content of the slurry feed had to be vaporized by coal pyrolysis.
d) Unconventional gasifiers
NRG plasma gasifier can be served as an alternative coal gasifier. It utilizes a plasma torch to gasify a solid feedstock. This kind of gasifier is especially attractive for more difficult gasified feedstocks, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). Currently, the largest installed NRG gasifier is the Eco-valley waste-to energy facility in Japan, which gasifies 180 t/d of MSW and automotive shredder waste.
Underground coal gasification
In an underground coal gasification (UCG) process, untapped coal-seams are reacted with insufficient oxygen to create syngas underground. An oxidant, usually air, flows through an injection well into a cavity in a coal seam. The oxygen and water within the coal seam react with the coal to produce syngas, which is withdrawn through a production well. Compared to the above-ground gasifiers, UCG offers a considerable capital cost savings by canceling the gasifier and a considerable operating cost savings by eliminating the cost of mining coal. In UCG process, steam may be generated because some coal seams are aquifers. These steams are benefit for char gasification. Some of them are consumed in the water-gas-shift reaction to produce H2 and CO2 from H2O and CO. In addition, partial of H2 will react with carbon to produce CH4, which can enhance the calorific value of the gas.



Entrained flow gasifiers




Specialized English Words
Devolatilization
Liquefaction.
Slagging To obtain a mixture of shale, clay, coal dust, and other mineral waste produced during coal mining.
Tuyere A water-cooled nozzle through which air is blown into a cupola, blast furnace, or forge.
Pyrolysis Decomposition or transformation of a compound caused by heat.
Seam A line of junction formed by sewing together two pieces of material along their margins.

Expressions and Technical Terms
Moving bed Granulated solids in a process vessel that are circulated either by mechanically or by gravity flow; used in catalytic and absorption processes.
Fluidized bed A cushion of air or hot gas blown through the porous bottom slab of a container which can be used to float a powdered material as a means of drying, heating, quenching, or calcining the immersed components.
Entrained flow bed In the entrained flow gasifier a dry pulverized solid, an atomized liquid fuel or a fuel slurry is gasified wi 化工专业英语（英汉双语版）――化学工程与能源化学工程方向(姚颂东) 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt

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